Mistakes of Mankind Exposed in Quinns Ishmael :: Quinn Ishmael Essays

Mistakes of Mankind Exposed in Quinns Ishmael           Most humans are confused. Some know what the problem is, but most havent even effected something is wrong. The novel Ishmael by Daniel Quinn is an attempt to bring about awareness of the mistakes that people have made and have continued to repeat through the scarper of human history. At its core, the story has two main characters a teacher and a student. The teacher represents a solution to the destructive road that mankind has been travelling down and the student represents us eager to mend our ways but apprehensive about the changes that will occur. The lesson of this book is that each one of us merchantman make changes that will directly enhance our personal lives, and begin the great task of changing how all humans view and live out their lives.           The unfermented and almost omnipotent teacher that had the task of changing the course of human history is, as one might imagine, a very special person. He had been watching us for a long time and was ready to share his knowledge of the human race and its inherent flaws. This savior just happened to be a gorilla named Ishmael. It was for that reason that a very special student was required to learn his lessons. Teacher seeks pupil. Must have an earnest desire to save the world. cod in person(4). This rather awkward request appeared in the personals section of the newspaper. Because the bulk of the novel is narrated through the first- person perspective of the man who answers this ad and becomes the instruct student, the reader never learns his name. However, he/she is exposed to many important aspects of the student and his motivations. One learns that decades ago he had actually been looking for such a teacher during the childrens revolt of the sixties and seventies but finally concluded that no ne existed and that the new era was never going to begin. This realization had embittered him to the point that eyesight such a blatant ad (in the newspaper of all places) after he had given up hope outraged him. His motivation for answering the ad was actually a simple desire to find out what crook was behind the outrageous request so that he could put

Romeo and Juliet Essay -- Literary Analysis, Shakespeare

Physical separation is a powerful obstacle that is sometimes set about by those bound to each other(a) in jazz. It brings about intense emotional pain and can hinder any relationship with which true love is at its core. Shakespeares Sonnet 56 involved two lovers that experienced physical separation as a stumbling block in their kinship. The sad impermanent with which the lovers found themselves suffering caused the intensity of their love to vanish. With their love fading quickly, the two desired for sweet love to renew thy force. They wanted their love for each other to be blunter be than appetite, / Which besides to mean solar day by feeding is allayed, / Tomorrow sharpened in his former might. They wished for a love like hunger, constantly locomote and needing to be quenched. However, due to their separation, the peoples spirit of love had become a perpetual dullness. The hungry eyes of their love would wink with fullness and had confounded its potency and strength. In order to repair the love that had waned, the lovers longed to Come daily to the banks of the ocean so that the Return of love could come to their relationship, and they desired this sad stave to be winter, which being full of care / Makes summers welcome thrice more wishd. Sonnet 56 was a sad twaddle in which separation caused two peoples love to become dull and boring. The obstacle of separation was also evident in the relationship amid Hero and Claudio found in the play, Much Ado About Nothing. At the beginning of the play, Don Pedro and some of his hands returned to Messina after battling in war. One of the men that Don Pedro brought with him was young Claudio. Claudio was highly respected in the eyes of Don Pedro and had exceptional war performan... ...(RJ 3. 5. 197). Juliet was so disgusted with the thought of marrying Paris that she would rather pass water the bridal bed / In that dim monument where Tybalt lies (RJ 3. 5. 212-213). Out of desperation to preve nt the wedding, Juliet went to the Friar to know his remedy (RJ 3. 5. 254). She told that Friar that she longs to die / If what thou speakst speak not of remedy (RJ 3. 5. 67-68). The Friar provided Juliet with a poison that would cause The roses in her lips and cheeks fade / To paly ashes, her eyes windows fall / Like when he shuts up the day of life (RJ 4. 1. 101-103). Though Paris was taken by Juliet, Juliet had no desire to marry Paris. Their love was completely one sided. Paris desired the love of Juliet but Juliet did not grant the love in return. The obstacle of non-mutual love will prevent any relationship from being successful.

Domestic Violence and Abuse in Australia :: Violence Against Women Essays

Domestic delirium is a significant social issue that has a major impact upon the health of women in society. Discuss this statement and some(prenominal)ise the factors that may contribute to domesticated violence.Domestic violence is known by many names including spouse abuse, domestic abuse, domestic assault, battering, partner abuse, matrimonial strife, marital dispute, wife beating, marital discord, woman abuse, dysfunctional relationship, intimate fighting, male beating and so on. McCue (1995) maintains that it is commonly accepted by legal professionals as "the emotional, physical, psychological, or intimate abuse perpetrated against a person by that persons spouse, former spouse, partner, former partner or by the other parent of a minor child" (although several other forms of domestic violence have become increasingly apparent in todays society). Whatever name is used to refer to it, however, domestic violence is a very grave and difficult problem faced by Austr alian society.Although domestic violence can include the abuse of parents, children, siblings and other relatives, it predominantly involves violence against sexual partners with women being the around common victims and men being the aggressors (Family Violence Professional Education Taskforce 1991). It is inadequate to view domestic violence as an manifestation of the normal interpersonal conflict which takes place in most families. According to McCue (1995), many families experience conflict, but not all male members of families inevitably rectify to violence. It is not the fact of family disputes or marital conflict that generate or characterize violence in the home. Violence occurs when one person assumes the right to require over the other and decides to use violence or abuse as a means of ensuring that domination (Family Violence Professional Education Taskforce 1991).Although all forms of domestic violence are pressing issues of equal importance, this essay is more speci fically directed at spouse abuse and aims to delve deeper into the issue of domestic violence by examining its causes with respect to the socioeconomic status of the particular family and its effects upon women in Australian society.The FACS (Family and Community Services) booklet (1995), defines domestic violence as followswhen a woman suffers persistent physical, verbal, economic or social abuse from her partner with the result that she suffers a sustained emotional and, or psychological effect.Domestic violence is the most common form of assault in Australia today. However, it remains a hidden problem because it occurs within the privacy of the home and those involved are usually loth(p) to speak out (Healey 1993).

A Search for Global Software IP Rights :: Global Software Computers Essays

A Search for Global Software IP Rights DisclaimerAn Engineer wrote this paper. Given the large topics of Computer Ethics, Software IP, Copyrights and Globalization, this paper was sensibly limited to arguing a position. However, an engineer realizes solutions, which may deliberate time to develop. So even arguing a position can be risky, with a deadline and non knowing much about the topic or methods. Normally, I would write a position to annunciate a dis come up toy or answer a question or make an assessment on was done or is doable. So I call up myself, at square one, not imagining a toy scope for this paper. My search is daunting, uncertain and uncomfortable because there is little time to understand or cover all of the topics or for making discoveries. How much I long to discover something. Most people do not expect to take risks, particularly on subjects that are outside their expertise. It is a shame. Why expect more? I think that engineers may have something to offer. Th ey expect to face unknowns and reach some, and indeed not all conclusions. So if possible, I want to contribute something to this field of software IP rights, however small but real.Lessons From MishapsCapability and willingness that engineers possess will not always (or often) lead to good solutions. Mistakes are made, critical flaws missed, etc. Some problems go unsolved for centuries. A paper on Paramedic Ethics by W. R. Collins and K. W. Miller, recommends evaluating all pairs of interests in a problem.1 So for x interests, the effort will scale on the Order of x2, which clearly is impractical. Even with this low complexity, it would take 2 months for someone to work 10 minutes on each pair formed from 100 interests. But this is old news. Superscalar design failed at the said(prenominal) thing when attempting to issue more than 4 instructions at a time. Sorting through instructions to find those for issuing requires the same sort of analytic thinking of all pairs (of instruct ions in a window). However, by offering a method for ethical analysis, the authors indirectly enable us to learn a some things, one, that Uses Cases give order to the interests of an ethical problem, two, that Use Cases do not solve complexity and three, that it is critical to minimize the number of interests that will produce a limit solution. Getting LostAs you can tell, Im fairly off track from the topic.

The Death of Antigone :: Essays on Antigone

In Sophocles Antigone, Antigone saw her action of hide her brother as a just one. It may not pitch been just in the look of Creon and the people of Thebes, but she was not concerned with the laws that mortals had made. Antigone saw the divine laws of the gods to be much more important than those of mortals. She felt that if she died while upholding the laws of the gods, that her afterlife would be give out than if she had not. Our lives on this earth are so short, that to see a good afterlife over the horizon will make people go against the laws of humans. proto(prenominal) in the play, Antigone felt dying for her brother was a noble action. Death to her was not an ending, but a new beginning in a give way place. Antigones family had been cursed for ages death was something that followed at their heels. The people of Thebes would always look at her with suspicious eyes. Her father, Oedipus, had caused these looks to be placed on her family forever. Then her brothers killed one some other on the same day her life in Thebes was not good. With such a bad life in Thebes, an honorable death must have looked very appealing to Antigone.In most societies, as well as Thebes, the afterlife is taught to be much more important than your mortal life. The problem is that we do not know what is waiting on the other side for us. Antigone thought that if she were to please the gods in her life that she could only expect good things in the afterlife. The inhumation of Polyneices was her ticket to a good afterlife. The afterlife is eternal, and life is just a sm all told spec, compared to the time spent in death. Antigone welcomed death at the time of burying her brother she was not concerned with the consequences. She saw her actions as being true to the gods and religion. I myself will bury him. It will be good to die, so doing. I shall lie by his side, loving him as he loved me I shall be a criminal but a religious one. (Antigone, lines 81-85) To Antigone, the honor o f her brother, and her family was all that was important. She may be going against Creon, but if her actions were true in her heart then the gods would see her in a good light.

The Death of Antigone :: Essays on Antigone

In Sophocles Antig i, Antigone saw her action of burying her brother as a just one. It may not have been just in the eyes of Creon and the people of Thebes, but she was not concerned with the laws that mortals had made. Antigone saw the divine laws of the gods to be much more important than those of mortals. She felt that if she died while upholding the laws of the gods, that her afterlife would be better than if she had not. Our lives on this earth are so short, that to see a good afterlife over the horizon will make people go against the laws of humans.Early in the play, Antigone felt dying for her brother was a noble action. Death to her was not an ending, but a new beginning in a better place. Antigones family had been cursed for ages death was something that followed at their heels. The people of Thebes would always look at her with suspicious eyes. Her father, Oedipus, had caused these looks to be placed on her family forever. Then her brothers killed one another on the same d ay her life in Thebes was not good. With such a bad life in Thebes, an loveable death must(prenominal) have looked very appealing to Antigone.In most societies, as well as Thebes, the afterlife is taught to be much more important than your mortal life. The fuss is that we do not know what is waiting on the other side for us. Antigone thought that if she were to please the gods in her life that she could only expect good things in the afterlife. The burial of Polyneices was her ticket to a good afterlife. The afterlife is eternal, and life is just a small spec, compared to the cartridge holder spent in death. Antigone welcomed death at the time of burying her brother she was not concerned with the consequences. She saw her actions as being true to the gods and religion. I myself will bury him. It will be good to die, so doing. I shall lie by his side, loving him as he loved me I shall be a criminal but a religious one. (Antigone, lines 81-85) To Antigone, the honor of her brothe r, and her family was all that was important. She may be going against Creon, but if her actions were true in her heart then the gods would see her in a good light.

The Benefits Of Gasification Technology Over Incineration Environmental Sciences Essay

Both gunslingerification and incineration are capable of change overing hydrocarbon-based risky stuffs to simple, nonhazardous by-products ( Beginning U.S. Department of Energy process 30, 2000 ) , further gasification merchant ship be seen to be more(prenominal) good for umteen grounds.The procedure as a whole uses less O than conventional incineration conditional relation that fewer agate line emanations may be produced incorporating possible pollutants. It in any case means less C dioxide is produced potenti exclusivelyy intending less impact on planetary clime alteration from waste incineration. Any C dioxide produced during gasification is present at higher force per unit areas than in watercourses produced in conventional incineration, doing it easier to capture and take originally release into the ambiance. ( Source NETL National Energy Technology Laboratory, United States Department of Energy Website ) .Gasification is a procedure in which stuffs are exposed to so me O, but non plenty to let burning to happen. The ensuing gas mixture of C monoxide, H and methane ( with smaller measures of C dioxide and N ) is called syngas and is itself a fuel. It has a calorific evaluate so drop be utilise as a fuel to bring forth electricity or steam or as a basic chemical feedstock in the petrochemical and refinement industries. The calorific value of the syngas will depend on the composing of the input waste waste to the gasifier. Harmonizing to research under taken by Euromia for the Greater London Authority, syngas possibly utilise to bring forth slide fastener more expeditiously than incineration utilizing gas engines or even fuel cells, whereas conventional incineration can merely bring forth energy less expeditiously via steam turbines ( Eunomia Research and Consulting 2008 ) .Gasification is besides shown to be more cost in force(p) than conventional incineration and potentially better at raising gross. The syngas can be converted into many v aluable merchandises, runing from bring forthing energy in the signifier of electricity to harvest theatre of chemicals such as second. ( U.S. Department of Energy. March 2000 ) . Hydrogen can besides be harvested and used in other applications. Hence the syngas is used for many applications whereas the hard-boiled gas from conventional incinerators goes straight back out into the environment. Besides, the energy produced may be eligible for more Reclamations Obligations Certificates ( ROC s ) than conventional incineration therefore once more increasing the possible income. ( Source Ilex Energy Consulting. September 2005 ) . Another benefit of syngas production is that concluding emanations of pollutants such as Sulphur Oxides and Nitrogen Oxides, and other particulates are greatly reduced as compared to conventional incineration systems. Due to the high sum of O used in the conventional incineration procedure any sulfur or nitorogen compunds in the waste are converted to Sulp hur Oxides and Nitrogen Oxides which so bemuse to be treated seperately. In contrast in the baseborn O environment of gasification these are non so readily formed and where they are the modern gasification systems are designed to retrieve 95-99 % of them and in the instance of sulfur this forms a high-putiry sulfur by-porduct. ( Source U.S. Department of Energy. March 2000 )Another benefit of gasification is the existent draws itself. They are modular and hence made up of little units which can be added to or taken away from. This proves an advantage as waste watercourses can change for illustration, if there is a alteration in policy and recycle additions. Therefore they are more flexible and can run at a smaller graduated table so conventional incinerators. They are besides non so reliant on a big provender of waste merchandises to go on working like the conventional incinerators. They are besides fast-paced to construct than conventional incinerators and hence are faster to u tilize.Hence, in drumhead, gasification is more cost effectual, cleaner and more efficient than conventional incineration and more utile in that it produces many byproducts that can be used in down watercourse production.The factors impacting the pick of billfold filters or ESP in waste incinerators.There are many factors act uponing the pick of bag filters or inactive precipitators in incinerators. Below are six of these factors.Factor one The shell of waste being incinerated varied provender stocks for the incinerator will bring forth different air watercourses and dust or ash merchandises.This is of import as for illustration the combustibleness of some all justly stuffs produced regulations out the usage of electrostatic precipitators. base of operations filters are really efficient at roll uping all right particulates but non so good at big particulates. ( Source I Fanthom, C. Cottingham )Most common ESP filtration is best used for gaining control of light atmospheric dust . Unless a ego cleaning electrostatic precipitator is used, beginning gaining control or direct ducting from a heavy dust bring forthing incineration will rapidly make just up the accruement plates. Heavy dust aggregation requires storage for a big volume of dust. The airfoil country of bag filters is much greater than surface country of electrostatic aggregation home bases and work better for dust gaining control of heavy dust bring forthing incineration than ESP would. ( hypertext transfer protocol //www.dustcollectorexperts.com/electrostatic/ )If the dust is absorptive ( i.e. a stuff which attracts wet from the ambiance. If non protected from contact with the ambiance ( by being stored under vacuity or under a dry gas ) some hygroscopic stuffs will finally pull so much H2O that they will organize solutions ) and these can blind bag filters doing them ineffective.Factor cardinal Features of the airstreamThe features of the airstream can hold important impacts on the aggregator system. For illustration cotton cloth bag filters can non be used where air temperatures exceed 82 grades centigrade. Besides condensation of steam or H2O vapors can blind bags doing them uneffective. Assorted chemicals created in the airstream can oppose with the H2O in the airstream and signifier caustic unstables such as sulfuric acid which can eat any metal in the bag i.e. if it is rearward jet bag filter with a metal coop. ESP s can defy caustic stuff doing aggregation possible.The individual nearly of import factor act uponing the Elecrostatic precipitator is the electric resistance of the gas being caught. Fabric filters take dust from a gas watercourse by go throughing gas through a cloth and go forthing dust on the surface of the cloth. It is hence non sensitive to dust electric resistance.A cloth filter can work on emanation degrees of 10-20 mg/NM3 whereas an ESP needs to be sized to suit demands.Factor three CostWith most designs of ESP s they have to close the line down in order to keep them which incurs a cost. With most bag filters they can be changed online, non incur a cost of closing down. The power ingestion utilizing a bag filter is higher than utilizing an ESP, evidently incurring more costs for more power.Bag filters need to be changed more often than an Electrostatic Precipitator. Typically bags need altering every 4 old ages. An ESP needs a full service every 20-30 old ages.The ESP s are more expensive to put in than the bag filtersDust tonss may be demand to be reduced before the Electrostatic Precipitation procedure ( precleaner may be needed ) hence adding to the cost.Factor Five Conformity with Environmental ordinances and jurisprudence.In 1990 the Environmental protection Act ( EPA ) introduced Integrated Pollution Control ( IPC ) necessitating higher control of emanations in most industries. More late the waste Incineration guiding was introduced and has impose important alterations on any procedure combustion waste stuffs . For illustration the stallion emanation value for Cd is 0.05 mg/Nm3. ( Source The Waste Incineration Directive 2000 ) . Hence the type of intervention demands to be chosen in order to fulfill these ordinances.It will besides depend how near the waste incinerator is to buildings and the type of edifice i.e. is it near a residential country. Hence more ordinances need to be considered sing public wellness.Factor Six- SpaceHow much infinite is at that take aim for the installings. ESP s are larger than bag filters and therefore take up more infinite.Methods for cut downing heavy metals in landfill leachate.There are various methods for cut downing heavy metals in landfill leachate -biological, biodegredation utilizing anaerobiotic and aerophilic procedures and chemical and natural methods.Plants can be used to handle leachate utilizing at that place instinctive up return procedures.One such intervention that has been investigated is utilizing vertiver grass ( N. Roongtanakiat , T.Nirunrach, S.Chanyotha, D. Hengchaovanich. 168-175. 2003 ) . The vertiver grass took up more heavy metals as the strength of the leachate increased and the heavy metals were evenly distributed in the shoot and the root. The consequences of the field test at the landfill site besides indicated that vertiver could be used in rehabilitating landfills and nearby countries. The vertiver workss were shown to decease after 80-85 yearss if 100 % leachate was used so they could non e straight used on immature landfills, but could be used on immature landfills if limited leachate were used. The shoot of the works should be harvested sporadically in order to take the heavy metals from the contaminated dirt and to excite new growing for more consumption.Artificial wetlands utilizing aquatic plants can be used as they grow in anerobic environments and can digest heavy metal concentrations. ( Source M. Pawlouskia, L. Pawlouskia, page 205 ) In one survey they were have with combined with aer ophilic interventions have besides been studied as a remotion method for heavy metals in leachate. The survey was undertaken at Alback landfill site in Sweden In 2003. ( Source Persson, K. M. , Van Praahg, M and Olsberg.G, E. ( 2007 ) Their leachate intervention system consists foremost of an aeration measure, followed by several wetlands with different deepnesss and flora, intermediate commixture and aeration in a ditch, and eventually put in a pool. The concentrations of Cd, Cu, Zn, nickel, lead and Cr were studied. Lead and Cr could non be detected at all in the leachate after it had been through the intervention system. The entire rates of decrease in the whole wetland system for Cd, Cu, and Zn concentrations were on mean 83 % 74 % and 68 % severally. Nickel passed unchanged through the wetlands. The alone(predicate) job with this intervention is that the remotion rates of the heavy metals is limited due to some metals looking as composites which are difficult to entree and t ake in this system.The phytoremediation of leachate is cost effectual and in many instances native workss can be used. ( Source A Chehregan, B Malayen 1560 8530,2007 )Aerobic intervention of the leachate has been shown to be another effectual method that can be used. An illustration of this is an probe whereby leachate is recirculated through the waste mass and air is injected into the waste mass. It was found that the remotion efficiency for Magnesium, Iron, Lead and surface was 93 % , 90 % , 43 % and 76 % severally. ( Source M.Sartaj, M. Ahmardifar, A.Karmi Jastini 107-116 2010 )Bacterial systems are besides used. Bacterial floc on the on the leachate surviving in an aerated system with O degrees maintained above 5mg/l. The heavy metals are taken in by the bacteriums and incorporated into their cell biomass. ( Source Arden Quarry Landfill Website )Chemical intervention is besides used Three armored combat vehicles are used in which pH is adjusted, metal precipate atoms coagu late and are flocculated and foods are added to promote microbic growing The usage of ferric and ferrous oxides as coagulates separate and clot the heavy metals leting remotion. The usage of oxidizers such as H peroxide or K permanganate react with the heavy metals and pull them out of the leachate leting remotion. Simple pH accommodation of the leachate causes the heavy metals to precipitate from the leachate and therefore be removed. ( Source United States Environmental defense Agency 1995 )Other methods include revolving biological contractors, drip filters, aerated lagunas, up flow anaerobic sludge cover reactors, surface assimilation, deposit, floatation, rearward osmosis and air denudation.Techniques for the time interval of plastic types originating from municipal wastesThe recycling of plastics is a major option to landfill and incineration. For the mechanical or chemical recycling methods used some signifier of segregation demands to be undertaken foremost. charge plates come in 7 major signifiers each separaletly classified by their rosin indentification codification by the Society of Plastics industry in 1968. The codification is shown on each fictile merchandise by a trigon of trailing pointers environing a figure for illustrationPetPolyethylene phenolphthalein Fizzy drink bottles and prepared repast trays. ( Source www.wasteonline.org )The first and most basic, but of import, point of separation can is done by the consumer of the plastics either as a homeowner utilizing a recycling system designed y the local council or as a company segretagating the waste for recycling. They use the codifications on the plastics. These are so taken away, reduced in size and farther segregated by a assortment of techniques.Fictile separation techniques are based on the differences in the physical belongingss or surface features of the plastic.Manual separation of plastics is still used chiefly for big points on a conveyer. This is non a peculiarly specific te chnique as operator mistake can happen often ( Source R. Pascoe pp 7 2000. ) Manual screening on the footing of coloring material is besides used. minginess separation is a common method for the separation of plastics. All the different types of plastics have different densenesss. Separations are by and large of the sink/float types utilizing an sedimentary medium of known denseness. By careful alteration of medium denseness utilizing salt solutions or all right atom suspensions it is possible to divide plastics provided they have a sensible denseness difference ( & A gt 100 kg m-3 ) ( Source R. Pascoe, pp15 200 ) Another method utilizing denseness is the usage of gravitative centrifuges. These work utilizing the atoms of the plastics. These are fed in to a seperation liquid. Those atoms with a denseness lower than the liquid float and are removed m=by paddles. Atoms that are denser than the liquid sink and are removde from the underside. Hign separation efficiency can be hard du e to the hydrophobic nature of plastics which can intend air bubbles attah to the surface doing the plastics to drift. Plastic segregation by denseness can be accelarated by centrifugtion ( Source J. Aguado. Pp 23.1999 )Besides utilizing a liquid medium, differences in solubility have been investigated for the separation of plastics. A combination of dissolvers and dissolution/precipitation stairss allows the different types of plastics to be isolated. ( Source J. Aguado. Pp 25.1999 )A vry new separation technique has been investigated for assorted plastics using selective wetting features. The surface of specific plastics can be selectively changed from hydrophobic to hydrophilic by utilizing a wetting agent. Then, when little air bubbles are introduced into a separation cell, they attach to the surface of the hydrophobic plastics and drift them to the H2O surface.. Plastics with the same denseness can be separated by this procedure. The fictile centrifuge can be used for many i ntents for dividing plastics from mixtures, riddance of foreign affair such as paper, fibres, aluminum foil, Cu wire french friess, sand, and glass from plastics elucidation of waste H2O incorporating all right rosin pulverization etc. ( Source K.Saitoh, I. Naguna, S.Izuni. 1976 )One of the most common methods of fictile segregation is the usage of Near Infrared ( NIR ) Spectroscopy. The reflected radiation sickness from the energy givwn to the plastic is measured in a infrared sensor and the ensuing spectrum is assigend to a specific polymer by comparasion with a spectra library. Different polymers can so be readily identified. It has a really speedy response clip and hence is really efficient. Contaiminations from the waste watercourse such as labels do non adversley impact this type of separation. Another separation technique utilizing visible radiation is the usage of optical maser spectral analysis. The optical maser penetrates the surface and steps emission spetra of the pla stics. Different plastics step differently on the graduated table. Polarised visible radiation is besides used and this checks the differences of crystallinity. This method chiefly applies to the segregation of Polyvinyl Chloride ( PVC ) from Polyethylene terephthalate ( PET ) bottles. UV visible radiation is besides used. his is used to divide polymers that exhibit different UV induced fluorescence. To human eyes, PET will remain clear while PVC turns dark-skinned therefore this is a really common manner to manually screen bottles.X-ray techonology can be used on both automated and manual lines and is used to segregate plastics by coloring material and rosin.Many other methods exist for the segregation of plastics including dry methods such as air classifiers, electrostatic separation, and chemical speparation.

The Marigolds- Lizabeth

THE LIFE THAT MAKES UP WHO LIZABETH IS TODAY Because of her going through opinion and regretting mistakes she has d maven, Lizabeths maturity level has risen and so has her understanding of life causing this to make up the person she is today. To begin with, Lizabeths depression interferes with her adolescent experience. When I think of the hometown of my youth, all that I seem to remember is dust the brown, crumbly dust of late summer arid, sterile dust that gets into the throat amid the toes of bare brown feet. According to the story, Lizabeth sounds like a depressed person that would rather stay in the house all day alone than go outside and have fun with friends. She is letting the Great Depression ruin her one-in-a-life clock experience that no child will ever forget. And so, when I think of that time and that place, I remember only the dry September of the dirt roads and grassless yards of the shantytown where I lived. Lizabeth only thinks of her past and remembers it better than any other of her puerility memories.The reason is because the depression has a huge effect on her and her familys life because they are poor and they live in poverty. Also, it is difficult to make a vitality off of so little money back then, especially with only the mom working. It is also hard to support a family with only one person working. Not only does Lizabeth suffer from depression but she also has regrets. I feel again the chaotic emotions of adolescence, illusive as smoke, yet as real as the potted geranium before me now. Lizabeth regrets what she does in the past and she cannot find any way to deserve forgiveness. Lizabeth is a confusing teenager that excuse believes she has no idea why these things have been happening to her. Furthermore, Lizabeths maturity level rises as she deals with her problems as an adult rather than be childish some things. Joy and rage and wild animal gladness and shame become tangled together in multicolored skein of fourteen-going-on-fi fteen as I recall that waste moment when I was suddenly more woman than child, years ago in Miss Lotties yard. We children, of course, were only vaguely aware of the extent of our poverty. Having no radios, few newspapers, and no magazines, we were somewhat unaware of the world outside of our community. Lizabeth knows that the Great Depression is going on but she isnt worried because she has always been living in poverty with no communications with the outside world she will never know how poor her lifestyle really is.Last but not least, although Lizabeth is a confused teenager, she still knows her right from wrong and she is shameful of the disrespectful and rude remarks she makes at Miss Lottie. Of course I could not express the things that I knew closely Miss Lottie as I stood there awkward and ashamed. For one does not have to be ignorant and poor to find that his life is as guiltless as the dusty yards of our town. And I have too planted marigolds. Lizabeth finally accept s who she is as a person and does the right thing by moving on and forgetting the past.

Art of the Romantic Period

During the Romantic point, composers had shown their sentimentalist side. The expressive part in all artists was being shown. The passion in art, the variety of bold colors, the freedom of expression, and how genius feels through the sound of a piano or violin, it was all being shown. Much of what the classical detail was still remained during the romanticistic period, but to most, the romantic period was so much more. The music was more emotional and expressive, and had blush influenced artists that werent musicians to be romantic as well.All artists were becoming the romantics of the time, and what a time it was for the arts. The romantic period will invariably be remembered as a time in history when passion was important, expression was used, and emotion was seen and heard. There are many characteristics involved in the romantic period. The individuality of style was an important characteristic. Each composer had his own style that showed his innermost feelings through and expressed emotional piece of work. communicative aims and subjects were in like manner important during this period.The romantics explored a universe of feelings that included intimacy and flamboyance, melancholy and unpredictability, longing and rapture Romanticism (1820-1900) in music was brought to the domain of a function during the early nineteenth century. This music stressed emotion, imagination, and individualism. The Romantic period was ab emerge freedom of expression and breaking away from time-honored conventions. This period in time had influenced many, or even all of the arts. Painters used bolder and more brilliant colors in their works. Also, they had preferred dynamic motion to gracefully balanced poses.Poetry was also changed during the romantic period. excited subjectivity was a basic quality in every type of art during this time. Many artists had become romantics and had become drawn to the realm of fantasy the unconscious, the irrational, and the world of dre ams. Romantics were fascinated with the middle age, the time of chivalry and romance. What neoclassicists had thought of to be the dark ages, the romantics had cherished. The spirit of revolution was a dedication to the principles of capableity, reason, and a representative government. (Bishop 323) With the overthrow ofKings in America and France it did non stop the injustices or establish a utopia of reason. With the middle class growing a society developed and a new susceptibility arose called romanticism, which glorified the individual and prized feelings over reason and intellect. This period of revolutionary change and romantic reaction (1775-1850) laid down the principles, and discovered the demons of the first modern society. (Bishop 323) Elements of romantic art and literature came about to respond to different social and historical circumstances. Poets of this time argued against the social injustices of early society.A woman named Mary Wollstonecraft wanted equal righ ts for woman, and a Spanish painter Goya bitterly depicted the cruelty of war. Authors in England and North America such as Wordsworth and Emerson saw nature as a mirror of the human imagination. Painters developed now techniques of color and light to render the natural landscapes sublime beauty. Other people sought unravel in the past, and had a taste for picturesque medieval architecture. As the industrial life became dull and mechanical, the lure of exotic lands spurred the imaginations of architects such as Nash and painters such as Delacroix and Ingres.The people of the romantic age were fascinated with evil, the demonic, and the grotesque and the dark side of things that were reflected in the refreshed, with its medieval setting and tortured characters. The most famous Gothic novel was Mary Shelleys Frankenstein, which was a summation of the romantic motifs the genius, the noble savage, the protest against injustice, and the fascination with evil. At one point in the study of the Romantic period of music, we come upon the first of several apparently opposing conditions that plague all attempts to grasp the meaning of Romantic as applied to the music of the nineteenth century.This adversary involved the relation between music and words. If instrumental music is the perfect Romantic art, why is it acknowledged that the great masters of the symphony, the highest form of instrumental music, were not Romantic composers, but were the Classical composers, Haydn, Mozart, and Beethoven? Moreover, one of the most characteristic 19th century genres was the Lied, a vocal piece in which Shubert, Schumann, Brahams, and Wolf come through a new union between music and poetry.Furthermore, a large number of leading composers in the 19th century were extremely interested and allege in literary expression, and leading Romantic novelists and poets wrote about music with deep love and insight. The conflict between the ideal of pure instrumental music (absolute music) a s the ultimate Romantic mode of expression, and the strong literary orientation of the 19th century, was resolved in the conception of program music. Program music, as Liszt and others in the 19th century used the term, is music associated with poetic, descriptive, and even narrative subject matter.This is done not by means of musical figures imitating natural sounds and movements, but by originative suggestion. Program music aimed to absorb and transmit the imagined subject matter in such a way that the resulting work, although programmed, does not sound forced, and transcends the subject matter it seeks to represent. submissive music thus became a vehicle for the utterance of thoughts which, although first hinted in words, may ultimately be beyond the power of words to fully express. much every composer of the era was, to both(prenominal) degree, writing program music, weather or not this was publicly acknowledged.One reason it was so easy for listeners to connect a scene or a story or a poem with a piece of Romantic music is that often the composer himself, perhaps unconsciously, was working from some such ideas. Writers on music projected their own conceptions of the expressive functions of music into the past, and read Romantic programs into the instrumental works not only of Beethoven, but also the likes of Mozart, Haydn, and Bach The diffused scenic perfumes in the music of such composers as Mendelssohn and Schumann seem pale when compared to the feverish, and detailed drama that constitutes the story of Berliozs Symphonie fantastique (1830).Because his imagination always seemed to run in parallel literary and musical channels, Berlioz once subtitled his work Episode in the life of an artist, and provided a program for it which was in effect a piece of Romantic autobiography. In later years, he conceded that if necessary, when the symphony was performed by itself in concert, the program would need not be given out for the music would of itself, and irrespective of any dramatic aim, offer an interest in the musical sense alone. The principle formal departure in the symphony is the homecoming of the opening theme of the first Allegro, the idee fixe.This, according to the program, is the obsessive image of the heros beloved, that recurs in the other movements. To mention another example in the coda of the Adagio at that place is a passage for solo English horn and four Tympani intended to suggest distant thunder. The foremost composer of program music after Beriloz was Franz Liszt, twelve of whose symphonic poems were written between 1848 and 1858. The name symphonic poem is significant these pieces are symphonic, but Liszt did not call them symphonies, presumably because or their inadequate length, and the fact that they are not divided up into movements.Instead, each is a continuos form with various sections, more or less varied in step and character, and a few themes that are varied, developed, or repeated within the desi gn of the work. Les Preludes, the only one that is still played much today, is well designed, melodious, and efficiently scored. However, its emphasis causes it to be rhetorical in a sense. It forces todays listeners to here lavishly excessive emotion on ideas that do not seem sufficiently important for such a display of feeling.

Code of Conduct BLANK, Inc Essay

To ensure the base hit of each employee and customer of BLANK, Inc., each member of the company mustiness understand, comply to, and sign the companys code of conduct.1. Employees must maintain the highest standard of business conduct by providing only accurate and truthful business records.The company must relay on the honesty of the employee to accurately maintain business operations and records.2. Employees must not mishandle company property and equipment.Each employee must maintain his or her work space and equipment for safety purposes.3. Employees must protect confidential information.Protecting clients and company confidential information is of high importance, not only for the company and existing clients but also rising clients.4. Employees must treat fellow employees and clients with respect and dignity.Any form of harassment and / or discrimination, intentional or unintentional, about, including but not limited to, race, culture, gender, and sexual preference will not be tolerated.5.Employees must not enter into any conflicts of interest with opposite companies of the same business.The employees are forbidden to conduct business with other companies in the same business.By signing this Code of Conduct the employee understands and complies with each point. The employee also understands that by signing the Code of Conduct, this document becomes a binding acquire between the employee and BLANK, Inc.. Violating these rules an employee can and will be disciplined in the form of suspension and/ or termination of BLANK, Inc. In case of termination, the former employee will not allowed to conduct business of the same as BLANK, Inc. within 100-mile radius.

Describe the Role and Status of Women in the 1940s and 1950s Essay

After the First World War wo custody had gained a large step towards having passableity with men. In 1918 married women over the age of 30 were given the right to vote. During the war women had waxd themselves as cap fit as men, not exactly as nurses move up the front lines working in very dangerous positions but also back in Britain working to help the war effort in jobs that in the lead the war they could never have even had a chance of getting.However women were still a long way of having any vague equality with men, and when the men returned from war things changed as men were still considered far above women. Although it had got worse since the end of the war it should be recognised that womens role in company had been greatly improved since the days before the First World War.During the Second World War many of the men were conscripted to go away to war. This meant that their jobs now needed to be filled in order for the country to work., women got jobs in every(prenomi nal) areas of employment from working in manual labour to working in banks. They also managed to prove that they could do the jobs just as well as men and were able to work in jobs that had previously been for men only.Gaining all these new jobs had been a huge leap towards women gaining equality with men, however when the men returned from war most if the women lost their war time jobs. This happened because of a number of reasons. Firstly, public opinion in command considerd that the soldiers who had been fighting deserved to come back to jobs and not have to struggle with unemployment. Also some bosses of small and large companies felt that men were still erupt and didnt want to employ women over men.A women who had worked as a welder during the war years was told, Oh my goodness, youve got the best qualifications that we ever had apply for the job, but your a woman, and I inquire what the boys would say if I employed a woman A newspaper editor was told when she was dismissed, Oh its nothing wrong with your work, but we have to safeguard the succession and the permutation has to be a man.Bosses who were taking this line, and most of them were were infact taking and supporting the governments line. The governments official line said it is doubtless true that there are many jobs done during the war by women for which men are better suited, both mentally and physically. And, if there is to be a nation in the future, there must be children and children mean homes and endless chores. So that there must naturally be a drift back from the services and the factories to domestic work.I believe that this is showing that men and the government (dominated by men) were showing an incompetence to realise that women were able to do the jobs that men traditionally did. So although women had again gained a provided step towards equality after the war they had again lost some of that newly gained freedom when the war ended in 1945.However not all women were displeased a t societys attitude as after the war many women wanted to start families and now the men had come back from the war they were able to do this. The evidence for this lies in an area known as the baby boom, when the birth rate soared dramatically after the war.Even after the war when women were gaining to a greater extent equality with men they did not have equal pay rates as men. A woman doing the same amount of work as a man would be paid two thirds of what a man would be paid. Women didnt, understandably find this fair and in August 1943 them women who worked at a Rolls Royce manufactory went on strike and after a week on strike they were given equal pay. However all over the rest of the country women go along be exploited by societies views.Even the government were not willing to even think about women being equal to men. When female school teachers asked for equal pay with men, Churchill dismissed their demand with one word. Even though now he was falling out of favour with the people and was soon to lose the frequent election, it showed that some men and in incredibly important positions within society, had no respect still for womens role in society. This meant that their berth remained below a mans status even though in some cases they had become more equal, such as the right it do certain types of jobs.Before 1948 the government offered no checkup assistance to women or their children only a small amount to men. In 1942 the Beveridge report was published which illustrated the importance of setting up a Welfare conjure up which would look after all citizens equally. In July 1948 the National Health Service Act and the National Insurance Act were introduced for a weekly payment by all people earning wages. This was a huge advance for womens equality and their place in society as it now made them equal. In the first few months thousands of women went to the NHS to be treated of illnesses that they had previously had to suffer in silence.The introduct ion of the Welfare State also brought about the Butler Education Act. This meant that the minimum age to drop dead school was now raised to fifteen for all children. This was another huge advance for girls in school as it meant that there was now not only had free secondary education, and therefor this meant that the government recognised girls ability to thrive within a working and intellectual environment. It also meant that they were being put on the same level platform and being given equal opportunities in schools as boys, which would then go onto to effect the whole generations and its way of dealing with women as equals.However the arrangement was slightly corrupt and it was not entirely equal. When pupils went up into secondary schools they had to take an 11+ exam to determine which type of school they would go in to. There were three different types, grammar for the most academic, secondary modern and technical for pupils who would be more suited to manual and primary sec tor jobs. Although the system seemed to give equal opportunities for both girls and boys there were infact more grammar schools for boys than there were for girls.The Welfare State also introduced family allowances to try and deal with poverty among families with a large metrical composition of children. It meant that for each child a small payment was paid to the women to help keep the child. This meant that the women now had some control over the finances within the home plate and that the man could not just go out and spend the money needed for the children.I believe that in the 1940s and 50s womens role in society improved greatly and that there were huge leaps made towards equality. However there were still some major issues that still had not been resolved and needed to be if there was going to get equality between men and women

Concepts of epidemiology (HIV) Essay

Communicable diseases argon global health issues nowadays as the world become globalized by change magnitude international travel and business. Among many of communicable diseases, Human Immunodeficiency Virus (human immunodeficiency virus) transmittance is considered to be one of the most severe communicable diseases worldwide. It has go around rapidly passim the whole world from the continent of Africa since it was first reported in 1981(Maurer & Smith, 2009). By 1987, it had spread to 100 countries, by 2001, human immunodeficiency virus became the leading infectious cause of remainder in the world. Scientists believe a similar virus to HIV first found in animals such as chimps and monkeys in Africa, where Africans are hunted for food. dapple they touch sensation with an infect animals course during butchering or cooking, the virus might cross into humans and become HIV (Mayo Clinic, n.d.). HIV causes acquired immune deficiency syndrome( support). Having HIV does not alwa ys mean having AIDS.To vex AIDS, it take many years for people with HIV. The epidemic of HIV/AIDS in Africa is withering because it disrupts family animation, leaving many children without parents support. Reduced workforces in African society impact socioeconomic issues as well. These days, HIV/AIDS are not only problems in the African continent, but they are now also seen in e very(prenominal) continent in the entire world. As of 2008, United Nations (UN) general assembly supernumerary session on HIV/AIDS estimated that there were roughly 33-4 million people living with HIV, 2.7 million new infections of HIV, and 2 million deaths from AIDS. According to the perfume of Disease Control(CDC), most 1.1 million people in the U.S. had been diagnosed with AIDS since the disease diagnosed in 1981(Maurer & Smith, 2009). A person gets HIV when an infected persons consistency fluids such asblood, semen, fluids from vagina or breast milk get into his or her bloodstream.This virus can e nter the bloodstream through linings in the mouth, anus, or hinge upon organs through broken tegument. HIV attacks and destroys CD4 cells which is same as T-cells in white blood cells (Moss, 2013). When a person has lower number of CD4 cells in the blood than normal, he or she is susceptible to illnesses because the person lost ability to fight infection. Un beneficial cozy activity, transfusion of HIV infected blood, sharing needles and syringes with people with HIV, HIV infected m opposites pregnancy, delivery, and breast-feeding are all risk factors for HIV infection. realness health Organization(WHO) found that 80% of cases of HIV/AIDS infections happened by unsafe sexual contact with an HIV-infected person. Stigma, discrimination, misconception, local social and cultural taboos also contribute to increasing number of HIV infections in developing countries where people do not talk about them or people are not educated about them.Early symptoms of HIV infection are fever, fa tigue, swollen lymph nodes, diarrhea, weight loss, cough, headache, blurred and distorted vision, skin rashes or bumps, and shortness of breath(Moss, 2013). plurality infected with HIV progress to AIDS when their CD4 cell count falls down below 200 or when they develop complications such astuberculosis, salmonellosis, cytomegalovirus, candidiasis, cryptococcal meningitis, toxoplasmosis, cryptosiporidiosis, and cancers including Kaposis sarcoma and lymphomas. Other complications can include wasting syndrome, neurological complications, and kidney disease(Moss, 2013).AIDS is the last stage of HIV infection and life threatening. If a person with HIV does not receive treatment, the disease progresses to AIDS in about 10 years (Mayo Clinic, n.d.). Good news is that there is a treatment with antiviral practice of medicine for HIV infection even though there is no complete cure for HIV/AIDS. As soon as a person is diagnosed as HIV- lordly, a variety of medicates can be used in cabal to control this virus.The Department of Health and Human Services recommend that everyone with HIV infection must be offered antiviral medications regardless of T-cells count in order to restrict replication and duplication of the virus. HIV medications are more widely operational than ever. They expand the lifespan of people with HIV. Not only drug regimen, but healthy life style such as eating healthy foods including slant oil and whey protein, avoiding certain foods including unpasteurizeddairy products, raw eggs, and raw seafood, getting vaccine, obtaining coping skills contribute to reducing further complication of HIV/AIDS (Mayo Clinic, n.d.). Prevention is the most important through education on safe sexual activity, safe care of blood transfusion, protective care of pregnancy, delivery, and breast-feeding among mothers with HIV/AIDS, and so on The epidemiologic triangle is composed of agent, host, and environment.These three are interrelated to spread the communicable disea ses such as HIV/AIDS. For example, the agent factor is the presence or absence of human immunodeficiency virus that is transmitted directly through infected blood transfusion, sharing infected needles and syringes, and breast feeding from infected mother or indirectly through broken skin by unsafe and unprotected sexual contact. The host factors are people. They can be either HIV-positive or HIV-negative. People who are diagnosed as HIV-negative are susceptible hosts who can be infected by people who are diagnosed HIV-positive if they have unsafe sexual activity or receive unsafe health care. The environmental factors can be social and economic conditions such as poverty, crowding, and frequent mobility of people that carry agents easily to other environments. If the environment is less habitable, the host susceptibility is reduced, and the agent source is also reduced or eliminated as well. All three factors may be adapted to improve community resistance to HIV infection (Maurer & Smith, 2009)HostAgentEnvironmentFigure 1 HIV Epidemiologic TriangleThe community and public health nurses drama an important fiber through their tasks such as case finding, reporting, data collection and analysis, and follow-up. 1. responsibility of primary prevention Community and public health nurses are in the front line to assess a person, family, and communities for epidemiologic agents, susceptible hosts, and favorable environments. Nurses are answerable for educating people in the community about the causes and spread of the virus. Since 80% of HIV infection occurs by sexual contact with an HIV infected person, abstinence or advocacy of the use of condoms and other protective measures during sexual activity must be taught to people of all ages at risk, upstart or old, male or female. Safeadministration of blood, safe use of needles and syringes, safe breast-feeding, and protective health care of mothers with HIV during pregnancy or delivery must also be taught and perfor med as well for primary prevention. 2. Responsibility of auxiliary prevention Despite education and prevention efforts, reducing HIV infection is challenging. In 2009, CDC reported, youth, ages 13-29, accounted for 39% of all newHIV infections in the U.S.(Albright & Gavigan, 2014). Nurses are responsible for secondary prevention through effective intervention. There is no cure for HIV/AIDS , yet medication regimen help improve life expectancy by preventing HIV-related complications. Combination of medications at least three of antiretroviral can be used to control the virus(Moss, 2013). Nurses should encourage people who receive antiretroviral therapy of 3 to5 combination pills to be compliant with prescribed medications as scheduled. However, combination of antiretroviral cost a lot and are not available in poor countries. WHO support these countries that drug companies provide medications at low cost.Community health care providers suggest voluntary counseling and testing for HIV treatment programs as good strategies. By the help of trained counselors, patients in the community can learn their HIV status and register for treatment as needed. In South Carolina, since the number of young adults with new HIV infection is increased, a new intervention program is designed for young adults that is called HIV/AIDS information vaccine, using graphic novels(Albright & Gavigan, 2014). 3. Responsibility of tertiary prevention Since HIV/AIDS is incurable and at risk in progression gradually, community and public health nurses can focus on enhancing or optimizing their quality of life.HIV is not only a physiological stressor, but also a significant psychological stressor. Many of HIV positive patient suffer with depression and suicidal ideation. According to the study, these psychological symptoms among HIV-positive people are associated with a decline in CD4 cell count (Dalmida, 2006). By designate of research, depressive mood affects neuropeptide receptor on lymphocy tes and lead to decreased CD4 cell count(Dalmida, 2006). Spiritual practice and mental care for HIV-positive people are beneficial to relax kind nervous system and enhance immune function (Rabin 1999). According to the holistic view of human being, an awareness of ones spiritual self is very important to extend life span with optimal wellnessincreasing greater satisfaction with life. (Rabin, 1999).Community and public health nurses have a role in such responsibilities in order to make a person, family and community different and healthier by providing coping skills with spiritual activities for people who are infected by HIV and who are suffering with AIDS. AIDS United is an organization that carries its mission in the U.S. to end the epidemic of AIDS since 1987. This organization has funded to local communities for syringe access, access to care, capacity building, HIV prevention and advocacy. AIDS United supports community-driven to HIV epidemic around the nation that reach popul ations with HIV/AIDS including gay and bisexual person men and women, adolescents in school.ReferencesAlbright, K.S., Gavigan, K. (2014) Information Vaccine using Graphic Novels as an HIV/AIDS prevention resource for young adults. Journal of Education for program library & Information Science Spring 2014, Vol.55 Issue 2, p178-185. Retrieved from GCU library. Coleman, C.L., Holzemer, W.L. (1999). Spirituality, psychological well-being and the quality of life. In L.A. peplau & D.Perlman (Eds), Loneliness A sourcebook of current theory, research, and therapy (pp.224-237). New York Wiley-Inter-science. Retrieved from Grand Canyon University(GCU) Library. Dalmida, S.G. (2006). Spirituality, noetic Health, Physical Health, and Health-related quality of life among women with HIV/AIDS Integrating spirituality into mental health care. Issues in Mental health nursing. Vol. 27. Retrieved from GCU library. Maurer, F.A., Smith, C.M. (2009) Community/Public Health Nursing Practice Health for fa milies and populations (4th ed.)Saunders Version Retrieved on June 5, 2014 from http//evolve.elsevier.com Moss, J.A. (2013) HIV/AIDS Review. Journal of Radiologic Technology, 2013 Jan 1 84(3) pp. 247-270. Retrieved on June 5, 2014 from GCU library. MayoClinic (n.d.). Retrieved on June 5, 2014 from http//www.mayoclinic.org/disease-conditions/hiv-aids/basics/causes/con-20013732 U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention(CDC) http//www.cdc.org/cough/index.htm World Health Organization(WHO) http//www.who.int

Factors affecting math performance of the students

The real(a) coding of a weapons platform is d one and only(a) by a(n) a) systems psychoanalyst b) softw atomic number 18 engineer c) end-user d) database administrator behave B Difficulty level Easy foliate 389 answer Software engineers would complete the coding of a political platform. . architectural plan objectives, desired outputs, needed arousals, and processing requirements are all recorded in the a) curriculum tracking log project counsel database program specifications document c) d) management information system Answer C Difficulty level 389 page 390 result All of these items are outlined in the program specifications document. 4. The information software produces after it has processed the input is called a) flowchart b) output c) objective prototype Response The output is what has been produced after the input has been processed. 5.The information that a program requires in order to accomplish its objective is called the a) data contribution c) effort input An swer D Response Once you know the output, you then determine the input data and the offset of this data. 6. The programs processing steps are grouped into logically-related programming statements called a) modules unit c) object component page 392 Response Processing steps are called program modules (modules). 7. Flowcharts and pseudopodia are examples of shots used in the program phase. A) specification b) design c) code d) test page 393 Response Pseudopodia and flowcharts are tools used in program design. . The programming tool that uses linked symbols to show the sequence of steps needed to solve a programming problem. A) grid table pseudopodia c) algorithm d) flowchart Response Flowcharts graphically present the detailed sequence of steps needed to solve a program by using symbols. 9. In a(n) structure, one statement follows the separate with no corresponds having to be met. A) call forion b) loop sequence conditional Response In the sequence structure, one program statemen t follows another. 10. The structure involves repeating a sequence until a condition is met. A) loop selectionResponse A loop structure will repeat so long as a certain condition remains true. 11. An IF-THEN-ELSE statement is part of the structure. A) loop Response IF-THEN-ELSE structures are part of the selection structure. 12. In the course of creating program specifications, the end-user should sketch out the desired a) spatter logo icon Response The end-users should sketch out the desired output that they want out of the computer system. 13. The control structure used to perform a series of statements one after the other is called a) sequential c) loop random Response In the sequential structure, one program statement follows another. . When a program makes a true or false decision, it is an example of a(n) logic structure. A) if-then-else b) do until c) do while d) what-if Response If-then-else resembles a true/false decision. 15. When a program repeats a portion of software c ode as long as a certain condition doesnt exist, its using a(n) structure. A) Response This is an example of the do until structure. 16. The actual writing of a program in a programming diction is called a) program design b) logic structure phrase translation d) coding page 396 Response Writing the program is called coding. 17.Which of the following is not necessary for a good program? A) reliability catches common errors colorful graphics d) well-documented Response deep graphics are not necessary for a good program. 18. Eliminating errors in a program is also called the program. A) debugging b) modularizing c) coding clarifying page 399 Response Debugging is testing a program and eliminating errors. 19. A program error that violates the grammar rules of the programming actors line is a(n) error. A) modular b) logic syntax language Response Syntax error is a violation of the grammar rules of the programming language. . Error could be the result of the programmer making an inco rrect calculation. A) b) general protection c) logic breakpoint Response Logic errors are created by incorrect or missing specifications. 21. Refers to testing by a select group of potential users in the final stage of testing a program. A) manual testing b) Desk checking c) Attempt at translation d) Beta testing page 400 Response Beta testing refers to testing by a select group of potential users in the final stage of testing a program. Re explanations that tell other programmers In programming, whats happening in the software code. ) restrictions b) tables c) funding d) selections Response Documentation is written to explain what is happening in the software code. 23. As much as percent of the full(a) lifetime cost for an finish program is for maintenance. A) d) 75% Difficulty level Hard page 402 Response As much as 75% of the total lifetime cost for an finishing program is for maintenance. 24. Which of the following refers to tools that are used to design, code, and test sof tware? ) XML b) CAD c) CASE d) pop page 403 Response CASE tools are used to automatise the development process. They can aid n program design, coding, and testing. 25. Software that helps programmers instal reports, draw flowcharts, and generate software code for prototypes is a(n) a) CAUSE (computer assisted Unix software environment) tool b) CASE (computer aided software engineering) tool c) COOL (computer licensed operations code) tool d) CULL (combined users licensed protocols) tool Response CASE tools help programmers prepare these items. 26.Object-oriented programming is a type of assembler language a) b) allows you to interact with objects when coding software c) is a type of elevator car language inverts source code into machine language code Answer B page 404 Response Object-oriented programming focuses on letting you interact with the objects (defined procedures) when coding software. 27. POP languages use combinations of objects natural and non adjectival statements b inary coded instructions d) abbreviations and mnemonic Difficult level Easy Response Object-oriented programming uses combinations of objects. 8. Machine language is composed only of a) keyword statements b) hexadecimal numbers c) memory citation toggles d) So and Is page 405 Response Machine language is composed of Is and So. 9. Language is made up only of binary digits. A) adjectival b) Machine c) Assembly d) inborn Response Machine language uses binary code. Which of the following lines of code comes from a first multiplication computer language? A) b) 00010 1010 1101 0001 1010 this Total=Total + Totals set total to sum of totals Response Machine language (first generation) used So and Is. 1. These languages use abbreviations and mnemonics that make it easier for humans to understand. A) assembly b) machine language d) COBOL Response Assembly language uses abbreviations or mnemonics that make it easier or humans to understand and use. 32. Languages are designed to express the logic used instead of Just performing calculations. A) Machine b) Procedural d) Low level Response Procedural languages are designed to express the logic the procedures that can solve general problems. 3. Procedural languages are part of the generation of computer languages. A) first second third fourth Response Procedural languages are part of the third generation of computer languages. Procedural languages must be translated into machine language using compiler or interpreter a(n) a) b) assembler interpolator ) application generator Response Procedural languages must be translated into machine language using a compiler or interpreter. 35. A compiler performs the following function. ) translates and executes each program statement one at a time b) converts the source code into machine language code c) translates instruction codes from assembler language into machine language d) uses statements to tell objects to perform actions on themselves Answer B Response Compiler converts p rocedural language program (source code) into a machine language code (object code). C++ is considered a A) machine language ) assembly language c) procedural language natural language Response C++ is a procedural language. 7. Converts the programmers procedural language program into a machine language. A) interpreter compiler d) analyst page405 Response A compiler converts procedural language program into machine language An interpreter performs the following function. A) translates and executes each line of code one at a time b) translates high-level language statements uses statements to tell objects to perform actions on themselves d) translates software code from assembly language into machine language Answer AResponse Interpreter converts the procedural language one statement at a time into machine code Just before it is executed. 39. Problem-oriented languages are which generation of language? A) first page 406 Response Problem-oriented languages are fourth generation languag es. Fourth-generation languages use a) procedural statements nonprocedural statements c) assemblers symbols Response Fourth-generation languages are nonprocedural languages.

Religion in the Workplace Essay

IntroductionReligion is a set of beliefs c formerlyrning the cause, nature, and purpose of the universe, specially when considered as the creation of a superhuman agency or agencies, usually involving devotional and ritual observances, and oftentimes containing a moral code governing the support of human affairs. Under the First Amendment, Americans enjoy deuce freedoms with respect to holiness the right to be free from a government-imposed religion, and the right to practice any religion. slice private employers are not bound by the Constitutions restrictions on government, they are humble to federal and state laws that ban sacred inequality in employment. Given the number of employed persons, the revolution of spiritual corporate trusts in this country, and the freedom we enjoy to express our views, the subject of spectral discrimination continues to pose stumper questions for employers and the courts.The WorkplaceBecause of our countrys great diversity, employers may hire employees from a great variety of countries and religious backgrounds. In an ideal engage purlieu, the religious beliefs of a disposed(p) employee, or of the employer, do not fabricate engagements. Either is free to imagine as he or she chooses and, as long as the counterfeit gets done satisfactorily, neither testament encounter difficulty on the radical of religion. Yet, in the world we go bad in, a number of issues can arise to create friction. An employer and employee may discuss, or even argue over, religious principles.Religion is not simply a matter of belief. The faithful practice their religion through respective(a) actions to include styles of dress, manner of keeping or wearing ones hair, trying to recruit others to their faith, quest certain diets, praying, fasting, avoiding certain language or behavior, and observingcertain religious holidays. Put simply, the many characteristics of antithetical religions provide ample ground for disagreement, conflict, or even blightment among employers and employees on the wrinkle. In deontology, the golden order is to treat others as you would exact the treat you.I know that if I respected someones beliefs to be Muslim, I expect them to have the same respect for me and my belief in God or whatever religion I choose to place my faith in. Deontologist insists that actions should not be evaluated on the basis of the actions consequences.Utilitarianism and DiscriminationA utilitarian might argue that in a given company, the majority of its members belong to a certain faith tradition. The greatest good for the greatest number would come along to allow that majority to pray and participate in religious activities in the way they desire (Mosser, 2013). shape utilitarianism argues that participating in something that causes harm decreases the happiness of those who participate, even passively, in that harm. For example, discrimination occurs when the employer maintains (or allows) a hostile envir onment for employees of particular faiths.Typically, this arises where co-workers harass an employee on the basis of his or her faith, to the point of creating an abusive or intimidating work environment. The harassment must be severe or pervasive in order to constitute discrimination under a hostile work environment theory. Thus, a simple disagreement over religious principles would probably not constitute unlawful harassment. Severe insults or threats, or continuing words and actions meant to harass or intimidate an employee on the basis of religion however, it may cross the line of lawful conduct.RelativistRelativist believe that different cultures have different attitudes towards purport, as well as when it begins and ends. They phrase the same about religion. more believe that God created life and God ends life. Take a survey in the workplace and you will probably get a more diverse answer. Different cultures have different religions. But who is to say which religion is righ t? Some companies believe that the workplace is not a place for religion. Their attitude towards life is basically work is work and yourpersonal life (which includes your religion) is simply that. Your personal life should not conflict with your job. Leave your religion at home. Little do they know, religion is whats keeping majority of their employees. meet Religion in the WorkplaceWhile employers have a duty to accommodate the religious beliefs of their employees, the employer does have some leeway in how it conducts its business. There is a point where the changes that are postulated to accommodate an employee reverse a burden on the employer. Most likely, a involve by an employee to trade shifts when his or her faith prevents working on Saturdays is likely to be reasonable. However, less reasonable might be a request that an employee have a particular holy month off for each one year. Whether an employers policy that limits the conduct of members of a particular faith is unr easonable depends on the circumstances. For example, a restaurant owner may require its cooks to wear hairnets or short hair, even if this creates an inconvenience for members of a faith that does not allow them to skip over their hair. A job may also have certain qualifications or requirements that have the effect of control participation by a particular religious faith. A radio station that played shudder and roll music, for example, would be allowed to fire a disc jockey that refused to play rock and roll because it was against his religion.DeontologyDeontology tells us to act in such a way that you treat humanity, whether in your own person or in the person of any other. All human creations deserve dignity and respect and to treat a human being solely as a means to an end, to treat a human being instrumentally is to violate the categorical imperative and, thus, to act in a fundamentally immoral way. Regarding the workplace, we should treat each others religion as we would wa nt our religion treated. Someone might need their religion at their job to keep them calm and sane. Some may need their religion at their job to keep peace and love between the employer and employees.In conclusion, the law gives broad protections to employees and managers when it comes to religious beliefs, but once an employees conduct in the workplace creates problems because of their beliefs, it is problematic(Tahmincioglu, 2012). Maybe religion should be accepted at work but at a distance. Use it to the point where it is accepted and once it gets out of hand, consider it.REFERENCESMooser, K. 2013. Ethics and Social Responsibility, Second Edition. Tahmincioglu, E. 2012. Religion at work can bring fire and brimstone. From http//www.today.com/ specie/religion-work-can-bring-fire-brimstone-460844

History of American Highways Essay

pathways atomic number 18 very important in any pastoral, in either enjoin. It is practic all(prenominal)y termed as the sign of civilization or development of a place. That is undeniably true because a good bridle-path or road carcass of a certain place means that the government, may it is local or national, halt the resources to put up skilful alleys and national roads. It as well as signifies that a place is a place where many mint argon going. It means that thither is something in that respect that needs to have a nice highway. Most people want a very nice highway to drive to. They hate those grating roads because they find it annoying.That is why the government of every country coerces the construction of highways as adept of their priorities. Good highways are also beneficial for trade and industry because it attracts investors. in that location is development in the economy if the highways or roads are well furnished. People, especially investors always fe el at the means of access to a specific place. So it is a big factor if the highways are good and not. Through the years highways in almost every country serve as the grower of culture and development. thither are numerous highways hat became historical because of its contribution to our society.But there are things that should be factored in whenever there is a highway or road that needs to be built. There are the environmental issues because it is a very big factor to consider the locale of the highway. More often than not, people forget the convenience highways could bring. An example is that, like what I have mentioned earlier there could be a boost in the economy because the easy access to a place attracts a messiness of investors, not to mention that there will emerge some small businesses that would cater to the needs of the travelers who have traveled very far just to do to wheresoever their destination is.United States of America is one of the developed countries. It eart h-closet be seen that the highways in this country is very well put up. In this country, you can find the almost never-ending highways that connect almost every city. The access from one place to other is a bit easy because of the highways. There are songs that were composed which are inspired by the highways. The motorists or travelers find so much fun in traveling that they do not mind the wide travelers because in the first place they find comfort in it because they are not faced with bumpy roads.Indeed, through the years, every highway in the US has contributed a lot in the lives of every people and to the country itself. History of the Highway System in United States The US Highway System is considered as the first nationwide net profit of number system in the piece. It is an essential part of the American tale in the 20th Century because it inspired a lot of things from different perspective. Is inspired the composition of brisk songs, shows in the television, and the cr eation of motels and fast food restaurant.It is also considered as one of the components that US is really a country which innovate to make impossible things possible because it made the access to one State to some other easy. It is also a factor in the development of the roads in California to be world class. Through the Federal Aid Highway Act of 1925, the US Highway System was born. It is the answer to the unincorporated creation of almost 250 named highways. Through this Act, the road that were considered insignificant before were transformed into roads that would connect every city making a long stretch of highways or roads.But the numbering of highway system has raised a lot of issues because many people disagree on the idea because it will make the highways cold and impersonal. But the government did not stop, they assigned the American Association of State Highway Officials or AASHO which is now AASHTO to handle the system. Highways That Gave Impact to America Highway is a term often used to continue major roads which are used for travel by every people going to wherever they would go. Its designs are different and it may have the characteristics of freeways and motorways. It could also be characterized with two-lane, shoulder less road.It is the US which has the biggest network of national highways that include interstate Highways and the Numbered Highways. It is present in all State which also connects almost all cities. There are different terms that denote highways such as but not particular(a) to autobahn, auto route, expressway, freeway, and motorway. But these terms are different depending on the country or region. The term highway could have a lot of meaning. In US highway could be characterized by an important high-speed with limited-access road that is a connector of major cities, or it could be any road.The Pan-American Highway is considered as the time-consuming international highway, and the largest national highway system can be fou nd in the US as well as the widest highway which is in Houston Texas, the Katy Freeway a part of Interstate 10. Other highways that gave a lot of impact to America are Route 66, National Road, Lincoln Highway, and Highway 41. The Lincoln Highway is considered as one of the roads or highways that contributed in the development of the Interstate Highways. It is the first transcontinental highway and also considered as the ancestor and model of other numbered highways.It is symbolized by Good Roads which is the basis for the rallyists and so to fight for the highway system. It is considered as the first successful highway that can be rallied on at any weather from coasts to coasts. It is the subject that fuelled the awareness of American people that the government should build highways and they should fund the development. In 1920, the Lincoln Highway just became another road because there are other transcontinental highways that were built. The livelihood from the government became easily granted as well.But the fact will never be forgotten the Lincoln Highway was the venue for the celebrated caravan of the Army in 1919, it is were cross-country racers achieved their records that made them famous, there were songs and poems written pertaining to the road, at the end of the highway there you can find the banners of every hotels, restaurants, and the like. Other highway that impacted America is the US Route 66 which is also called Route 66, The Main Street of America, The begin Road, Will Rogers Highway among others.It is part of the US Highway System which connects Chicago, Illinois, Missouri, Kansas, Oklahoma, Texas, New Mexico, Arizona, and California. It is the main path of every migrant who were going to the west especially during the height of Dust Bowl in 1930s. The highway win much popularity that people have fought for its preservation. But in 1956 it has reached its end because of the then President Dwight Eisenhowers Interstate Highway Act. One of the remaining parts of Route 66 is the Veterans Parkway.

Development of Curleys wife throughout the novel Essay

In the novel Steinbecks uses social class, to separate the characters from one another curiously Curleys wife from crooks you keep your key then nigger, indicates to us that the social structure was dissimilar in America around 1937, a white women was above a black man. The writer showed this and showed peoples post of time. In addition it alike gives us an sharpness on how it will feel like to be black.Furthermore Steinbecks in any case withdraws Curleys wife in a desperate and worried centering married two weeks? this is shown by the writer creating a tone to the quote, ending the quote with a top dog mark could mean that the other characters atomic number 18 confused to whether it would last or not, in addition it could to a fault signify that they are doubting their relationship.Steinbecks use of language s sours to develop more, when he goes on to describe Curleys wife on page 53. The writer describes her in a sexual dangerous federal agency we know this by the writ er repeating the word red. This indicates to us that danger awaits her additionally it could also mean that she is seen as a sex image, by the other men on the ranch. This is shown by the writer using the term fascinated, which describes how the other men felt when they saw her.Furthermore, her body languages connect to how shes speaks, her theatrical role had a nasal, brittle quality this indicates to us that she had a fragile slow voice that hypnotized men which made her sound innocent Lennie watched her. This quote enhances that men couldnt keep their eye off her, the writer makes Curleys wife out to be a advert, says things slowly in a tempting way, portraying her as an object. In addition the writer describes Curleys wife as a desperate insecure women that feels the need to seek attention from other men, her body was thrown forward, specifies to us that she is pushing herself to the situation.In the novel, Steinbeck makes the role of women in the book all to do with sex, som e providing sex for the men, portraying them as sexual objects. However, some female characters are seen as either mother figures. This is in occupation to Curleys wife which is seen as a women who keeps degrading herself Curleys married a tart this enhances to us that the men on the ranch have no respect for her, this is shown by referring to her as a tart which could also include how the way she dresses in a sexual seductive way to cover up her insecurities. However Curleys wife may want to dress up because it makes her feel good some herself and she does have the time since her husband is quite wealthy.Moreover, in the novel Of Mice and Men, the writer John Steinbeck makes it out to be women are inferior to men, this is shown by making Curleys wife the only women on the ranch. Furthermore, the writer also describes Curleys wife in a detailed sympathy way and this makes the writer feel sad for her you better go home now, indicates to us that Curleys wife is in a place that she is not meant to be, it also shows how isolated she is, this is shown by using the term quietly which shows to us that she is being sneaky about the situation, furthermore it also shows us that she isnt allowed to communicate with other men which gives us an insight about her, that she doesnt have any friends on the ranch, she has to do it discretely, this shows that Curley doesnt trust her and she feels protected in the hands of the other men on the ranch, this creates a sense of security.Furthermore, the writer John Steinbecks in a way describes Curleys wife as a dog, metaphorically speaking bitch satisfy, which shows to us that she is described as female dog, rather than a human being which implies to us that she is not an important person, which links with Candys dog, which both have something in common, they both died. In addition when they are described or mentioned in the book John Steinbecks makes it sound like they are the subject or object in the sentence. It also shows t he insignificant in both characters.

Vale of work hoard

Viking objects found near Harrogate, Yorkshire On the surface, e really subject is idyllic imagine a broad green field in Yorkshire. In the distance roller hills, woods and a light morning mist its the epitome of a peaceful, unchanging England. But ice lolly this surface or more appropriately, wave a metal detector over it and a really varied England emerges, a land of violence and panic, not at all secure behind its argue sea, but terrifyingly vulnerable to invasion.And it was in a field like this, 1,100 years ago, that a frightened military man buried capital collection of bills, Jewellery and coins, that linked this part of England to what would then have look intomed unimaginably unlike parts of the world to Russia, the Middle East and Asia. The man was a Viking, and this was his treasure. Suddenly, a metal detector in a field in Harrogate uncovers this extraordinary treasure (Michael Wood) l crouched down in the soil and you could see the edge of a few coins stic king out of the top of it (Andrew Whelan) There, packed in, are these hundreds of coins and these arm-rings, these pieces of silver. (MW) institutionalise it in a sandwich box, wrapped it all up, and took it home. (AW) Youre right at that place with this material, that can take you covering fire to that severe moment in English history, when the kingdom of England was first created. (MW) things you dream of, but you dont actually expect to happen. (AW) This calendar week were sweeping across the vast expanse of atomic number 63 and Asia between the ninth and the thirteenth centuries.And once once again were not going to be focussed on the Mediterranean were dealing with two great arcs of mint one that begins in Iraq and Afghanistan, ises north into Russia and ends here in Britain, and another in the south, spanning the Indian Ocean from Indonesia to Africa. The weeks objects revolve from todays precious Viking treasure from Yorkshire to a few pottery fragments from a be ach in Africa. Between them, they set ashore to life the travellers, the clientelers and the raiders who helped to shape this world.When you use the words traders and raiders, one group of mess above all springs to sagaciousness the Vikings. Vikings have always excited the European imagination and their reputation has fluctuated violently. In the ineteenth century, the British saw them as savage bad guys horn-helmeted rapers and looters. For the Scandinavians, of course, it was different the Vikings there were the all-conquering heroes of Nordic legend. The Vikings then went through a stage of be seen by historians as rather civilised more tradesmen and travellers than pillagers in fact they became almost cuddly.This recent uncovering of the Vale of York Hoard makes them seem a bit less cuddly and looks set to revive the truculent Vikings of popular tradition, but now with a dash of cosmopolitan glamour. And the truth, I think, is that thats what the Vikings have always bee n to the highest degree glitz with violence. The England ot the early was divided between territories occupied by the Vikings most of the north and the east piece the south and the west were controlled by the great AngloSaxon kingdom of Wessex.The re-conquest of the Viking territories by the Anglo-Saxons was the great event of tenth-century Britain, and our treasure some(prenominal) pinpoints one tiny part of this national epic, and connects it to the immense world of Viking trade. The pull in was found in the spend of 2007. Heres ather and son, David and Andrew Whelan, who were metal-detecting in a field to the south of Harrogate, in north Yorkshire. It was a typical dreary January day, in a muddy rough ploughed field.It was a field that we wouldnt normally go in because were neer really found anything good in there, we tend to find dozens of Victorian buttons, but it was any that or go home, so (Andrew Whelan) This clip we were there about ten minutes and thats when I g ot my manoeuvre the big one I started finding lead at first. I dug down a bit more, and I kept going, and I get more lead, ore lead, and all of a sudden, this round thing fell into the back tooth of the hole came out from the side, so Id actually Just missed it.It fell into the bottom of the hole and I thought, Oh dear, Ive found an old dinner gown cock, Ive got a lead cistern with an old ball cock. So I picked this round thing up, and put it on top of the ploughed land, I put my glasses on, and I looked at it, and I could see all these animals on the cup, and all these bits of silver in the top. (Dave Whelan) l crouched down in the soil, and you could see the edge of a few coins sticking out of he top of it and there was a coin of Edward the Elder, I think on top. (Andrew Whelan) The lay aside that David and Andrew Whelan had found was contained in this beautifully worked silver bowl, about the size of a small melon. Astonishingly, it contained over 600 coins, all silver, an d roughly the equivalent size as a modern pound coin, but wafer thin. Theyre mostly from Anglo-Saxon territory, but there are also some Viking coins produced in York, as well as exotic imports from western Europe and Central Asia. Along with the coins was Jewellery arm-rings one notes and five silver ones.And then, theres the ingredient that makes it absolutely certain that this is not an Anglo-Saxon but a Viking hoard theres what we call hack silver chopped- up fragments of silver brooches and rings and thin silver bars, mostly about an inch (2. 5 cm) long, that the Vikings used as currency. The hoard pitches us into a key moment in the history of England, when an Anglo-Saxon King Athelstan at be defeated the Viking invaders and built the beginnings of the kingdom of England. Above all, it shows us the range of contacts enjoyed by the Vikings while they were running northerly England.These Scandinavians were tremendously well connected, as the historian Michael Wood makes c lear Theres a Viking arm-ring from Ireland, theres coins minted as far external as Samarkand and Afghanistan and Baghdad. And this gives you a sense of the reach of the age these Viking kings and their agents and their trade routes sp pick up across western Europe, Ireland, Scandinavia. You read Arab accounts of Viking slave dealers on the banks of the Caspian Sea Gull the Russian so-called because of his Russian hat, and he was Irish this guy, you bop dealing in slaves out there on the Caspian, nd those kind of trade routes the river routes down to the char Sea through Novgorod and Kiev and these kind of places you can see how in a very shortsighted time, coins mint ed in Samarkand, say, in 915, could end up in Yorks 2 hire in The Vale of York hoard makes it clear that Viking England did indeed operate on a transcontinental scale. Here is a dirham from Samarkand, and there are other Islamic coins from central Asia. Like York, Kiev was a great Viking city, and there merchants from Iraq, Iran and Afghanistan traded their goods via Russia and the Baltic to the hole of northern Europe.In the process, the people around Kiev became very rich. An Arab merchant of the time describes them making neck-rings for their wives by melting down the gold and silver coins theyd amassed from trade Round her neck she wears gold or silver rings when a man amasses 10,000 dirhams, he makes his wife one ring when he has 20,000 he makes two and often a woman has many an(prenominal) of these rings. And, indeed, theres a fragment of one of these Russian rings in the hoard. Although Kiev and York were both Viking cities, contact between them would only very rarely ave been direct.Normally the trade route would be constructed through a series of relays, with spices and silver coins and Jewellery moving north, as yellow-brown and fur moved in the other direction, and at every stage there would be a profit. But this trade route also carried the dark side of the Vikings reputation. All through eastern Europe, the Vikings captured people to sell as slaves in the great market of Kiev which explains why in so many European languages the words for slave and Slav are to this day stock-still so closely connected.But this hoard also tells us a great deal of what as happening back in York. There, the Vikings were meet Christian but, as so often, the new converts were reluctant to abandon the symbols of their old religion the Norse gods were not entirely dead. And so, on one coin minted at York around 920, we find the sword and name of the Christian St Peter, but intriguingly the i of Petri Peter is in the shape ofa hammer, the emblem of the old Norse god, Thor. Its a coin that shows us that the new faith uses the weapons of the old.We can be pretty certain that this treasure was buried soon later on 927. In that year, the AngloSaxon Athelstan, King of Wessex, finally defeated the Vikings, conquered York, and received the homage of rulers from Scotland and Wale s. It was the biggest political event in Britain since the liberation of the Romans. And the hoard contains one of the silver coins that Athelstan issued to celebrate it. On it, he gives himself a totally new title, never used before by any ruler Athelstan Rex totius Britanniae Athelstan, King of all Britain. The modern idea of a united Britain starts here.Heres Michael Wood again The wonderful thing about the treasure is that it hones in on the very oment that England was created as a kingdom and as a state. The early tenth century is the moment when these, what we aptitude call national identities, start to be used for the first time. And thats why all the later kings of the English, whether it was Normans or Plantagenets or Tudors, looked back to Athelstan as the founder of their kingdom. And in one sense you could say they go back to that moment in 927. But it was a pretty messy moment, and the hoard demonstrates that the struggle between Viking and Anglo-Saxon wasnt yet ove r.The treasure certainly belonged to a ich and powerful Viking, but he mustiness have stayed on in Yorkshire under the new regime, because some of the coins in his hoard were minted by Athelstan in York in 927 Something must then nave gone wrong tor our Viking, which led him to bury the hoard but he did it so guardedly that he must have intended to return. Was he killed in the ongoing skirmish between Vikings and Anglo-Saxons? Did he go back to Scandinavia, or on to Ireland? Whatever happened to 3 the treasure-owner, most of the Vikings in England stayed on and, in due course, were assimilated.In north-east England today, places with names ending in by and thorpe like Grimsby and Cleethorpes are living survivals that still speak of the long Viking presence. And the Vale of York Hoard reminds us that these places were also the end or the beginning of a huge trade route that around 900 stretched from Scunthorpe to Samarkand. In the next programme, well be on a different trade r oute, but one that also links the Middle East and northern Europe. Well be in Poland, with a Christian saint and a miraculous glass that turned water into wine.