Human Immunodeficiency Virus ( Hiv ) - 1499 Words

Human Immunodeficiency Virus Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is a deadly retrovirus that can progress into AIDS. The progression of HIV has become rapid worldwide over the last few decades. The patient should not feel as if the disease or virus defines the overall character of the patient. The dental hygienist will play an important role in making the patient feel comfortable and in a judgment free environment. Standards precautions are still the same when treating all patients with or without a compromising disease or virus. However, the hygienist is often times the first to recognize the first signs of oral manifestations of HIV. Therefore, the dental hygienist will play an important role in improving the quality of a patient s life that is compromised by HIV. It is estimated that 34 million people are currently diagnosed worldwide with HIV (Bakhshaee, Sarvghad,, Khazaeni, Movahed, Hoseinpour, 2014, para. 1). HIV consist of two strains of the virus, HIV-1 and HIV-2. The HIV-1 st rain is more commonly seen worldwide and can progress rapidly (Darby, 2015, 861). â€Å"HIV-1 is transmitted via sexual intercourse, sharing of bodily fluids, and intravenous substance abuse, and during pregnancy and childbirth† (Haveles, 2011, 110). The slower progression of the two strains is the HIV-2 strain, most commonly seen in West Africa and is related to the sooty mangabey monkey (Darby, 2015, 861). HIV is a retrovirus that prevents the normal host response of the immune system fromShow MoreRelatedHuman Immunodeficiency Virus ( Hiv )1359 Words   |  6 PagesThis paper explores the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) as well as the simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV). The virus has infected two million adults and children by the year 2005 already. The virus continues to race around the world, and new HIV infections are at 50,000 per year (Martine Peeters, Matthieu Jung, Ahidjo Ayouba) (2013). The final outcome of the HIV infection is Acquired Immune Deficiency Syn drome (AIDS). There are many treatments that have developed to help the large numberRead MoreHiv And Human Immunodeficiency Virus Essay1208 Words   |  5 PagesHIV has been a pandemic that has affected the world relentlessly for many years in a never-ending circle. HIV, or Human Immunodeficiency Virus, is the virus that is spread through certain bodily fluids and can lead to AIDS (Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome). HIV attacks the immune system by destroying CD4+ T cells, which leaves the person infected with HIV vulnerable to other infections, diseases, and other complications.1 Once this virus is acquired, the human can never fully rid itself of thisRead MoreHuman Immunodeficiency Virus ( Hiv )884 Words   |  4 Pages(2010), Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) is a virus that affects the human immune system, leading to a chronic, progressive sickness that leaves people susceptible to opportunistic infections. When the body no longer can fight or resist infections, the condit ion is at this point referred to as AIDS, which means Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome. Averagely, it has been found to take more than ten years to develop from initial infection of HIV to AIDS. Though simple in description, HIV and AIDSRead MoreThe Human Immunodeficiency Virus ( Hiv )862 Words   |  4 Pagesshown that the Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) is the cause of AIDS. More than 33.4 million people worldwide are infected with the HIV virus today. HIV stands for Human Immunodeficiency virus. HIV is a virus similar to that of the flu or common cold. The differentiating factor is that with the flu and cold, your body will eventually clear the virus out of your system, but with the HIV virus, the immune system cannot clear it. Getting HIV means you have it for life. The virus immediately beginsRead MoreHuman Immunodeficiency Virus ( Hiv )1261 Words   |  6 PagesHuman Immunodeficiency Virus Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) has become more commonly seen in the world. It is important to show compassion rather than judging that patient based on a virus. The hygienist plays an important role in making the patient feel comfortable and in a judgment free environment. The patient should not feel as if the disease or virus defines the overall character of the patient. Standards precautions are still the same when treating all patients with or without a compromisingRead MoreThe Human Immunodeficiency Virus ( Hiv )948 Words   |  4 PagesThe Uses of Blood by the HIV Virus Blood-borne diseases have contributed greatly to poor health outcomes among individuals and communities. Though blood fulfills various functions to ensure our survival, it can also act as the mechanism through which we become diseased. Understanding the characteristics of such infectious diseases is essential to preventing further cases. In this paper I will discuss how the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) uses blood to cause illness within the infected individualRead MoreHiv And Human Immunodeficiency Virus1205 Words   |  5 PagesWhat is HIV? HIV is a fatal disease which stands for â€Å"Human Immunodeficiency Virus† it is a failure to the immune system to protect the body from any infections. This virus causes a condition called acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. When HIV is left untreated it leads to another disease called â€Å"AIDS†. It can occur in any age, race, sex or sexual orientation. The highest risk of contracting HIV is having unprotected sex and sha ring needles with others. Another factor are people that have STI’s andRead MoreThe Human Immunodeficiency Virus ( Hiv )980 Words   |  4 Pages The Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) is an immune system disorder that can be contracted through sexual activity as well as other types of contact. (Healthy Living, pg. 79) If left untreated this virus can turn into AIDS (Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome). AIDS is the final stage of the Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV). (aids.gov) AIDS is an incurable progressive disease that causes gradual destruction of CD4 T cells by the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). (Diseases, pg. 431) A healthyRead MoreHiv, Or Human Immunodeficiency Virus998 Words   |  4 PagesQuestion 1 HIV, or Human Immunodeficiency Virus, attacks the human immune system and greatly weakens the body’s ability to fight foreign invaders and infection. HIV first demanded notice in the early 1980s in the United States in homosexual men displaying illnesses like Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia and Kaposi’s sarcoma. The disease was soon observed in IV drug users, hemophiliacs, and blood transfusion recipients, but became publicized as a â€Å"gay disease,† nicknamed by the media as GRID, or Gay-RelatedRead MoreHuman Immunodeficiency Virus ( Hiv )1349 Words   |  6 Pages Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) is a retro virus that causes AIDs by infecting the T Helper cells of the body’s immune system. The AIDS virus is the final stages of the HIV virus. HIV is a lentivirus genus, which is a subgroup of the retrovirus that causes the AIDS virus. Even with proper treatment, an infected person has a life expectancy of less than ten years.As the virus weakens t he human immune systems, this effectleaves the patient compromised and at risk to opportunistic infections

South Indian Food and Culture

Question: Discuss about the South Indian Food and Culture. Answer: Introduction The Indian societies are involved with the one of the most exciting and richest cultural traditions since ages. Therefore, the Indian culture is accepted as the oldest civilization in the world. The cultural trait and the festivals are quite important for the Indian culture. The southern zone of India is quite renowned for the spices and spicy foods. Mahadevan, Blair and Raines (2014) implied that the Indian Cuisine is generally characterized by the use of the herbs, spices, and other vegetables grow in the different parts of India. The food culture is also different in different parts of India. People from different societies adopt the different techniques of preparing food. The taste and the dishes are different to other parts of the Indian cultures (Anderson 2014). It is important to state that the cultural aspects and the religious beliefs influence the Indian cuisine much significantly. The study will provide the insights regarding the South Indian Food and Culture that is compl etely different to the dishes from the other parts of the country. The impact of the traditional choices in selecting the foods will also be described in this study. South Indian Food Culture The foods available in the South Indian States are categorized into six different tastes, such as salt, sweet, bitter, sour, astringent, and pungent. As per the Tamil society, it is necessary to add these tastes in each of the main meals. It has been noted that these six tastes are quite capable of balancing between the appetite and digestions (Unika and Jaffar 2014). South India is mostly famous for the coconut, root tubers, and various types of fishes. Rice is the main food in South India and people have rice with curry or S?mbhar. Quite generous yet the balanced use of the different spices in the foods is available in the vegetarian and non-vegetarian foods in South India (Shree and Pandian 2016). South Indians prefer milk, sweet cream, ghee, rice, butter, and honey for the sweet tastes. In sour, they prefer citrus fruits, mango, limes and lemon, yogurt, and tamarind. As the salty preferences, South Indians have salt or pickles. They even have some greens of many kinds, bitter gou rd, and turmeric. Some of the pungent spices like ginger, clove, chili peppers, and mustard are added to the food prepared by the South Indians (Chinese et al. 2017). The food culture of South Indians is categorized by depending on the different purposes. The traditional touches in their foods are quite visible. Moreover, it is also noticed that South India is much attractive for the national and international tourists (Haldiramusa.com 2017). The people maintain their cultural heritage in treating the tourists. They maintain a proper etiquette while offering foods or treating people. Types of Foods The foods for the Breakfast in South India contain the main dishes like uppuma, idlis, dosas, vadas, chapattis, and savory pongal. These items are especially served with kurma, sambhar, chutney, or vada curry. These are mainly seen in Tamil Nadu. The filter coffee accompanies the breakfast in the morning (Sreeramulu et al. 2013). In usual cases, the South Indian menu contains at least three to four dishes along with rice. The people from South India usually start their meal with the traditional parappu mixed with ghee. This mixture is served with rice that is mainly taken as an appetizer (Unika and Jaffar 2014). The next preparation is sambhar or kuzambhu and it is served as the main course by mixing up with rice. During the festivals, the South Indians two main course of Kuzhambus, that are available in different types and forms. Cultural and Geographical Influence on South Indian Foods It is to be specified that the climate of South India is quite hot and humid. The people from the coastal zones have to face such humid and hot weather (Chinese et al. 2017). Due to the lesser amount of rainfall, most of the vegetables, fresh fruits, and rice are supplied. Apart from the larger amount of the vegetarian cuisines, there is the huge range of the seafood available in the coastal areas of Andhra Pradesh. The Chettinad cuisine from Tamilnadu is most popular among the Indians. The Malabari Cooking from Kerala is much famous for the repertoire of the delicious dishes of seafood. Hyderabad, the home of Nizams is famous for the flavorful spicy dishes with the blend of regal Nizami food style. The blend of the sour and spicy flavor is making the food superior in taste. Generally, the foods from Hyderabad are mixed up with dried fruits, nuts, and other expensive spices, such as saffron. Style of South Indian Food South Indian cuisine is much demanding for all Indians. Rice or rice-based dishes prepare most of the dishes by blending Sambhar and rasam. Apart from this food, some of the meat dishes, vegetable curry, or coconut-based chutneys are also served (Chinese et al. 2017). The demands for the staple food are higher in South India. It is to be stated that the south Indian meals are incomplete without idlis or boiled rice. Daals, dosas, or Uttapams are also added to their meals. Be it frying or cooking, the South Indians mostly use the coconut oil for preparing their foods. Apart from this coconut oil, they also use canola and sunflower vegetable oils. It is noticed that the South Indian people have the tendency to pour ghee over rice in their daily meals as well as the occasional purposes (Unika and Jaffar 2014). They use curry leaves, pepper, asafetida, and mustard as the main spices for their foods. Drinks and Desserts in South India In South India, filtered coffee is the most demanding and popular beverage. A normal South Indian person cannot stay without coffee since it is considered as the social institute of the Tamil Tradition. It is essential for the South Indians to have at least one cup of coffee once a day. The filtered coffee is the unique part of this state. The people in South India mostly prefer gourmet coffee beans that are less expensive than the Arabica variety. In some of the cases, it has been noticed people add the chicory for enhancing aroma of the Coffee (Chinese et al. 2017). They even prefer to consume the coffee prepared with the roasted and powered coffee beans. In some of the cases, it has been observed they separate coffee powder dust by applying the filtering process. Apart from the coffee, they even prefer the brewed tea that is available in the small tea stores across the adjoining areas of Tamil Nadu. Maintaining Etiquette for Dining The drinking and eating cultures of India is widely respected in the traditional, cultural and religious aspects. According to (Unika and Jaffar (2014), maintaining the proper etiquette of South Indian culture is completely different to the other parts of the country. There are numerous types of utensils used for different purposes. It has been observed that the people from South India do not use the cutlery for eating any food. They often enjoy the food by eating with the hand. They maintain the traditional approach while eating by their hand. They believe that food is divine due to which every individual should enjoy the food with smell, touch, and taste (Chinese et al. 2017). They do not feel pleasure in touching and eating the food with spoon or fork. One of the most attractive parts of the South Indian culture is their food habits and the etiquettes. People wash their hands properly before start eating. There is the traditional saying that the long nails are very unhygienic for people. They belive that the food can be easily scooped if the individuals are using their hands instead of spoons or fork. They even consider that the food should be eater by the tip of the fingers and it will be considered as the bad manner if someone put the stain outside of the fingers or palms. A little bit of practices would be beneficial in adopting such cultural etiquettes. However, it is also noted that there are some of the foods that cannot be eaten without using the spoons or forks. For example, while having the soup or daal, it is essential to use spoon. Moreover, they sometimes even attend the formal occasions or restaurants where the banana leaf is not used for serving food (Shree and Pandian 2016). However, the traditional approaches in the South Indian cutlery is not prioritizing the spoon or forks too eat the food. These spoons and forks are limited in the kitchen. During the formal situations, they use the spoons to serve the food to others. In addition to this, it is also noted that they use the spoons in a very clasping motion. The forks are mainly used in order to distribute the foods from a collective space. This culture is followed since they believe that it is very rude to touch others foods. Other Etiquettes and Food The South Indians maintain the proper etiquette while dining with people. They always use their right hands for receiving or eating foods. They do not use the left hand since they believe it would much insulting to eat or receive foods with left hand (Shree and Pandian 2016). The Hindus from South India respect the beefs and animals as they find the cattle sacred. On the other hand, the Muslims do not eat pork as they find it very unclean. The people from South India are culturally very rich in culture. They have the traditional belief that the younger people would not start eating before their elders. When the eldest member arrives, the entire family starts eating together. In such cases, the elder takes the participation of being a host. They always wash their hands properly before they start eating. They found offering Echal is unhygienic and rude for an individual. Echal is a food part that comes in contacts with the saliva or mouth (Unika and Jaffar 2014). They also pay attentio n towards the eating manner and polite behaviour. The attribute they maintain to offer foods or dining with the closed people are much commendable. More specifically, it can be stated that the people belong to South Indian cultures maintain a manner for eating food. The traditional touches in their foods are quite visible. Moreover, it is also noticed that South India is much attractive for the national and international tourists. The people maintain their cultural heritage in treating the tourists (Shree and Pandian 2016). They maintain a proper etiquette while offering foods or treating people. Hence, the reflection of their cultural trait is visible in their eating etiquettes and in various types of foods. The cuisine from Andhra has the greater impact of the Mughals. Most of the foods prepared in Andhra Pradesh are mixed up with extra spices (Unika and Jaffar 2014). The impact of the food cultures is commendable. The effects of such South Indian foods on Indian people are much remarkable. More specifically, the foodie Indians enjoy every bit of the menu served in the states of South India. Conclusion The study explores the food and cultural attributes of South India. The people from South India prefer more spice on their foods. The food culture is also different in different parts of India. People from different societies adopt the different techniques of preparing food. The taste and the dishes are different to other parts of the Indian cultures. Quite generous yet the balanced use of the different spices in the foods is available in the vegetarian and non-vegetarian foods in South India. South Indians prefer milk, sweet cream, ghee, rice, butter, and honey for the sweet tastes. They maintain the proper etiquette to eat with their hands. Moreover, the foods are served in different utensils. It is necessary to indicate that the South Indian foods are prepared by focusing on the traditional acceptability. The traditional touches in their foods are quite visible. Moreover, it is also noticed that South India is much attractive for the national and international tourists. The people maintain their cultural heritage in treating the tourists. They maintain a proper etiquette while offering foods or treating people. References Adger, W.N., Barnett, J., Brown, K., Marshall, N. and O'brien, K., 2013. Cultural dimensions of climate change impacts and adaptation.Nature Climate Change,3(2), pp.112-117. Anderson, E.N., 2014.Everyone eats: Understanding food and culture. NYU Press. Anderson, E.N., 2014.Everyone eats: Understanding food and culture. NYU Press. Chinese, I., Calorie, L., Cooking, M. and Breakfast, I., 2017. South Indian Cuisine - South Indian Food - South Indian Cuisines. [online] Indian Food Forever. Available at: https://www.indianfoodforever.com/food-guide/south-indian-cuisine.html [Accessed 14 Apr. 2017]. Fieldhouse, P., 2013.Food and nutrition: customs and culture. Springer. Haldiramusa.com, 2017. History of Indian Food. [online] Haldiramusa.com. Available at: https://www.haldiramusa.com/History_Indian_Food.htm [Accessed 14 Apr. 2017]. Mahadevan, M., Blair, D. and Raines, E.R., 2014. Changing food habits in a South Indian Hindu Brahmin community: a case of transitioning gender roles and family dynamics.Ecology of food and nutrition,53(6), pp.596-617. Shree, J.S. and Pandian, A.S.S., 2016. Factors Influencing the Consumption Pattern of Butter in Chennai City, Tamil Nadu.Indian Vet. J,93(10), pp.69-71. Sreeramulu, D., Reddy, C.V.K., Chauhan, A., Balakrishna, N. and Raghunath, M., 2013. Natural antioxidant activity of commonly consumed plant foods in India: effect of domestic processing.Oxidative medicine and cellular longevity,2013. Unika, D. and Jaffar, A.M., 2014. A study on consumer behaviour towards instant food products in Tamilnadu.International Journal of Business and Administration Research Review,3(5).

The Villa Of Mysteri Essays - Greco-Roman Mysteries,

The Villa Of Mysteri they heard the crash of falling roofs; an instant more and the mountain-cloud seemed to roll towards them, dark and rapid, like a torrent; at the same time, it cast forth from its bosom a shower of ashes mixed with vast fragments of burning stone! Over the crushing vines- over the desolate streets- over the amphitheatre itself- far and wide- with many a mighty splash in the agitated sea- fell that awful shower Even though destroyed by Mt. Vesuvius August 24, 79AD, The Villa of Mysteries is full of Pompeian artifacts. The famous mural featuring the cult of Dionysus is amongst this 55room villa. Villa of Mysteries was once flourishing with plant life, bronzed statues, and people working and living in and around the villa. The frescoes in the Villa of Mysteries provide us the opportunity to glimpse something important about the rites of passage for these privileged women of Pompeii. The interior design of the homes or villa's were not paintings hanging from nails, but they were painted actually onto the wall. The cult of Dionysus is one of these painted murals founded in the Villa of Mysteries, the frieze is 10 ft high and 56 ft long. The term mysteries refers to secret initiation rites of the Classical world. The mural exploits the Initiation rites, which; were originally ceremonies to help individuals ?grow up?. This ceremony was designed to bring women into the marrying stage of life. Occasionally a priest or priestess guided the initiate through the ritual; and at the end of the ceremony the initiate was welcomed into the group with open arms. Villa of Mysteries seem to be aimed at preparing privileged, protected girls for the psychological transition to life as married women. The frescoes in the Villa of Mysteries provide us the opportunity to glimpse something important about the rites of passage for these privileged women of Pompeii. (Scene 1) Their bodies seem to be very relaxed, in an open standing position. With the vibrant scarlet Pompeian background that has lasted over 2000 years, and still has a faint shininess to its color. A red so rich, rich like blood. First figure holds a piece of her cloth very elegantly and seductively to cover a gap in her dress, but to those in the cult she is revealing a something under her garment. Her position is reminiscent of one who is about to execute the steps of a martial art in which the purpose of standing loosely centered is to be able to move easily in response into whatever comes. This figure is the beginning of 10 movements throughout the mural. The figures have movement they precede in a single file line along the walls. She eagerly listens to the story of a drama from a small, naked wild child; he reveals the instructed tales of what happens to Dionysus and those who are impelled to follow him. These boots suggest sacrifice in this Dionysian tradition where kids (goats) wer e booted at birth in preparation for ritual death. The next figure along the mural looks back at the naked boy, yet has movement towards Dionysus's throne while she carries objects towards the priestess. (Scene 2) Next a Papposilenus plays on his lyre, while another member of the thiasos brings a veiled basket. Another pours pure water as a blessing for those who are about to be initiated into the cult. We know that we are still in a place of instruction because of the scroll tucked into the tunic of the attendant to the right of the high priestess. This scene shows us some of the objects used in the initiation process. Women throughout the mural take on different roles some look like they are watching, though some are partaking in the details of ritual helping the adolescent Roman brides into womanhood. In many rituals, this regression, assisted by music, is requisite to achieving a psychological state necessary for rebirth and regeneration. This leads us to the next scene where the initiate learns how she is to become closer to nature. (Scene 3) The realization of nature is among the initiate now, a Pan nursing a kid shows this. While another Pan

american essays

spanish/american essays Our trade has suffered, the capital invested by our citizens in Cuba has been largely lost, and the temper and forbearance of our people have been so sorely tried as to beget a perilous unrest among our own citizens, which has inevitably found its expression from time to time in the National Legislature, so that issues wholly external to our own body politic engross attention and stand in the way of that close devotion to domestic advancement that becomes a self-contained commonwealth whose primal maxim has been the avoidance of all foreign entanglements. All this must needs awaken, and has, indeed, aroused, the utmost concern on the part of this Government, as well during my predecessor's term as in my own Said President William McKinley in his War Message (McKinley's War Message 6). Many people believe in the concept of a just war as defined by the seven principles, others would argue that the concept of a just war remains very subjective, and still others argue, usually for mora l or religious reasons, that war can never be justified. NEED TO PUT LETTER C IN The Spanish-American War was between the United States and Spain in 1898. The virtual annihilation of indigenous peoples within the continental United States by the early 1900's allowed national attention to turn outward. Interest in developing markets in China and plans for a canal through Central America set the stage for a new level of expansionist strategizing. The Caribbean was a region with a strong economic relationship to the U.S., and had long been regarded by many as a natural extension of our republic. By the late 1890's American citizens owned about fifty million dollars' worth of Cuban property, primarily in the sugar, tobacco, and iron industries. By the late nineteenth century the nation was left only a few scattered possessions in the Pacific, Africa, and the West Indies. Much of the empire had gained its independence and a number o...

An essay of the novel Stalin's Barber Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

An of the novel Stalin's Barber - Essay Example Although Stalin was a man in possession of enormous political power, deep inside he was very insecure. Some consider him to be suffering from paranoia and delusion. Having made many enemies during his rapid ascent to the highest office, Stalin was ever fearful of retaliation from his enemies. He constantly feared the threat of assassination and did his best to minimize the chances. Toward this end, Stalin deployed body doubles of his during public events. In case an assassination attempt is made, he would thus survive. The plaster of Paris busts in the basement must have been models or dummies serving as his decoy. By all accounts, Stalin’s reign as the premier of the USSR was a terrifying one for the population. He is surely one of the most feared dictators of the 20th century, second only to Adolf Hitler (who was, ironically, defeated by Stalin). The summary executions, curtailment of several fundamental human rights (including freedom of speech) and intolerance toward dissenters were abominable features of the Stalin years. Stalin was thus a monster in terms of his practice. But when it came to rhetoric he was a seasoned politician. He paid lip service to the superiority of State over the individual, imploring his fellow countrymen to put the interests of their country above their own interests. This is a ploy to mellow down the citizeny and condition them to not raise any critical questions. When the sustenance of the State is put above concerns for individual human rights, social unrest is nipped in the bud. It is thus an effective strategy to control the population by invoking all egiance to a vague notion of patriotism. In the politically surcharged years of the Russian revolution, it was understandable why several conspiracies were hatched. There was mistrust, opportunism and exploitation even among stakeholders of the revolution, let alone the

Legal Analysis Memo Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Legal Analysis Memo - Case Study Example Did police officers uphold the 4th amendment of the United States constitution, when they entered Mr. Smith’s home without a warrant, simply after investigating an noise complaint and observing what were thought to be illegal activities through the window, then seizing Marijuana, Cocaine and unregistered firearms? Do police have enough evidence to convict him of distribution? The state should be allowed to use the evidence gained, because Mr. Blake does not have a reasonable expectation for privacy within Mr. Smith’s home. They do not have enough evidence to convict Mr. Blake with possession of firearms because the firearms could have belonged to anyone. They also do not have enough evidence to convict him with distribution of cocaine, because the act of him transferring a white bag to someone else is ambiguous, and there is not enough evidence to corroborate the crime. Rule: The 4th amendment of the United States Constitution provides: The right of the people to be sec ure in their persons, houses, papers, and effects, against unreasonable searches and seizures, shall not be violated, and Warrants shall not be issued, but upon probable cause, supported by Oath or affirmation, and particularly describing the place to be searched, and the persons or things to be seized (US Constitution). However, the owner of the property may consent to the search. Also the person must have a reasonable expectation of privacy. In Minnesota Vs. Carter, the courts ruled that a guest at another person’s residence does not have a reasonable expectation of privacy (unless they are spending the night), and thus are not protected under the forth amendment (Minnesota vs. Carter). Also, officers are allowed to seize anything in plain view during lawful observation. Analysis: On the grounds that police officers made observations through the window before Mr. Smith authorized a search of his property, Mr. Blake could file a motion to have all evidence stemming from thos e observations to be discarded under the 4th amendment. However, if the court grants that motion the evidence will stand, because as seen in Minnesota Vs. Carter, if you are a guest in another person’s home, you do not have a reasonable expectation of privacy and you are not protected under the fourth amendment (Minnesota vs. Carter). Even though Mr. Blake runs a business with Mr. Smith in the basement of the home, it still is not technically his home, and according to Minnesota vs. Carter, you are given a significantly less expectation of privacy in the commercial arena anyhow (Minnesota vs. Carter). Thus the evidence observed from the window as well as the evidence found after Mr. Smith consented for the officers to enter the home can be used in court. The firearms were in plain view when the police entered the home, so those can be used as well. Even though the evidence must stand, there is not enough evidence to convict Mr. Blake of all of the crimes he is being charged w ith. The police report states they â€Å"observed Mr. Blake hand a baggie of white powder to someone standing near the couch.† They then found a large amount of cocaine in Blake’s possession, cash, and a small amount of cocaine in a stranger’s possessions. While the law states that the government need not prove he received anything of value in return, the fact that they didn’t see him receive anything makes it tough to prove he was actually distributing the cocaine. While not the most intuitive explanation, it’

Black People and Racism Essay Example for Free

Black People and Racism Essay â€Å"There are hundred of races in the world. Unfortunately, for as long as human have existed, we have enslave those weaker, of those we perceived to be weaker than ourselves†(thinkquest). Racism is everywhere, and we often see it on the streets and schools. There are many short stories and poems that are termed as racist. â€Å"On Being Told I Don’t Speak Like a Black Person† by Allison Joseph, â€Å" Sonny’s Blue† by James Baldwin, and â€Å" Blink Your Eyes† by Sekou Sundiata are renaissance works that show the issues of racism that black people had lived and are still living today. In â€Å"On Being Told I Don’t Speak Like a Black Person† by Allison Joseph, the author tells the story about a young Negro whose mother received brutal treatment in her school in England. In the beginning, Allison says: â€Å"Emphasize the â€Å"h†, you hignorant ass†(557). This shows that the â€Å"h† is sarcastic, and the â€Å"tone condescending intensifies racism†(Caroline). They might have used the emphasis of â€Å"h† to humiliate the negro, to make them feel bad about their skin color, and to show the negro that they cannot fit in the white society even if they become educated. Negros have suffered horrible experiences. Allison wrote about the way teachers treated Negro in school. She says: â€Å" †¦teachers slapped her open palm with a ruler in that Jamaican schoolroom†(557). Allison’s mother lived under a white teacher’s pressure, and the teachers showed this negra that she will never learn how to speak like the whites, and they can spank her because she is black, and blacks cannot do anything against the teachers because the whites have the power and the Negro is a submissive servant. In addition, Allison also shows her own life in the United States. Allison is a black person living in the United States, and she sees people discriminating her because she does not act like a black person. Allison writes: â€Å" And I didn’t sound like a Black American, college acquaintance observed, sure they knew that a black person was supposed to sound like. Was I supposed to sound lazy† (557) Allison shows that America’s society judge the black just for their skin color, and most white people see the Negro as lazy, and do not work to bring money home, do not go to school, and do not know how to speak. For example, some restaurant servers prejudice the Negro when they walk into the restaurant by making their own assumption that the table with Negro will not leave any tip. However, in many cases, they are wrong because the table with Negro might leave more tip than a table with white people. Racism is not gone. The Negro is still facing it today, but racism today is expressed differently than it was in the renaissance era. During the renaissance in Harlem, the Negro did not have enough opportunities for their future due to racism. In â€Å"Sonny’s Blue† by James Baldwin, the author tells the story of two black brothers born in Harlem, and the older brother losses communication with his young brother, Sonny. The older brother is the narrator of the short story. Later on, they reconnect due to news the narrator receives about Sonny’s prison. Before the narrator reconnects his life back to his brother, he shows many problems both had because they are Negro. Racism is evident throughout the story. The narrator wrote about Sonny’s friend. â€Å"And now, even though he was a grown-up man, he still hung around that block, still spend hours on the street corners, was always high and raggy†(310). It shows that the Negro do not have opportunities to become successful in life. The Negro has barriers between them and the outside world, which prevent most negro to obtain education or skills, and they are obligated to live on the streets corners asking for money, using drugs and stealing. In addition, the narrator also shows how racism affect the education of a negro which can be describe as Sonny’s choice of life. Sonny choice of life relates to the lack of opportunities black people have during the renaissance in Harlem. After the death of Sonny’s mother, the narrator tries to open Sonny’s mind, and advises him to finish school. In the kitchen talking to Sonny, the narrator writes: â€Å"I want to join the army. Or the navy, I don’t care. If I say I’m old enough, they’ll believe me†(321). Sonny already knows that there aren’t opportunities for him. He is forced to choose among necessities; he sees the army as the only opportunity open for Negro to escape from the streets. On the other hand, the school will give him the degree, but he does not believe that it will help him find a good job. He already knows that there are no doors open for the Negro. However, the narrator disagrees with Sonny. They are still in the kitchen talking about Sonny’s future. â€Å"†¦ But if you don’t finish school now, you’re going to be sorry later that you didn’t†(321). His brother is showing him that he can fight against racism, and he can find opportunities for his life. For example, His brother â€Å"denied† racism, and he gained education and skills to become an algebra teacher, but Sonny does not see it, and he chooses to live on the street like his â€Å"friend†. In addition to the lack of opportunity, black people are more often to be discriminate in traffic than whites. In the poem, â€Å"Blink Your Eyes† by Sekou Sundiata, the author shows the reader a Negro is stopped by the police officer because he is black even though the Negro didn’t do anything wrong. The author writes about the red light. â€Å"But the Law said I was on my way thru a red light red light red light†(582). The following passage, the red light means that this area is not for Negro. It is a neighborhood where white people live, and black people around can be seen as a threat to their place. However, this is not an excuse for the officer to stop this person. Sundiata let the reader know that â€Å"†¦In other words the light was green†(582). The green light is open only for the white society; the Negro does not have chances to go to another level, so the door â€Å"always† will close for them. After the officer stops the negro, Sundiata writes: â€Å" Why did you stop me? Somebody had to stop you I watch the news, you always lose. You’re unreliable, that’s undeniable† (583). The white society do not want to let the negro have opportunities in life, and the negro will be always seen as a threat to the society, and the white society does not need them. The negro does not have the power to stop racism, and it will always be part of their life. However, it is changing. The negro has more voice today than in the past, and they are more recognized. For example, Oscar Grant’s case where a young black guy was murdered by a police officer by â€Å"mistake†. People see it as a â€Å"racism murder† (Jessie). Fortunately, the justice was made for his family. This shows us that Racism is not completely gone. The three stories from the Renaissance show us that black people had suffered racism for many years. From being stereotyped as lazy and uneducated, to not having opportunities to succeed in life and not being accepted by the white society, the Negro has had a difficult journey to improve their situation. Even though today racism is not as prominent as in the Renaissance, we still see some signs of racism that are not completely gone. Works Cited: Sundiata, Sekou. â€Å"Blink Your Eyes†. Approaching Literature. Peter Schakel and Jack Ridl – New York Bedford and Martin’s, 2008. Joseph, Allison. â€Å" On Being Told I Don’t Speak Like a Black Person†. Approaching Literature. Peter Schakel and Jack Ridl – New York Bedford and Martin’s, 2008. Baldwin, James. â€Å" Sonny’s Blue†. Approaching Literature. Peter Schakel and Jack Ridl – New York Bedford and Martin’s, 2008. Jessie. â€Å" Racism The Murder of Oscar Grand III†. Racism Review Blog 17 Jan. 2010 http://www. racismreview. com/blog/2009/01/07/racism-the-murder-of-oscar-grant-iii/ Think Quest. â€Å"Common Prejudice†. http://library. thinkquest. org/C006274/race/intro. html .